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The M.D. Anderson surgical oncology handbook /

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Research Assessment in the Humanities Towards Criteria and Procedures /

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science

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Socialism, Capitalism and Alternatives : Area Studies and Global Theories

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Research Assessment in the Humanities Towards Criteria and Procedures /

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Socialism, Capitalism and Alternatives : Area Studies and Global Theories

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Multicriteria decision aid and artificial intelligence links, theory and applications / by Doumpos, Michael

Table of Contents: “…s Method 7.5 Discussion 7.6 Conclusion References Part Four Multiobjective Optimization 8 Interactive Approaches Applied to Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Methods Analyzed in this Chapter 8.2 Basic Concepts and Notation 8.2.1 Multiobjective Optimization Problems 8.2.2 Classical Interactive Methods 8.3 MOEAs Based on Reference Point Methods 8.3.1 A Weighted Distance Metric 8.3.2 Light Beam Search Combined with NSGA-II 8.3.3 Controlling the Accuracy of the Pareto Front Approximation 8.3.4 Light Beam Search Combined with PSO 8.3.5 A Preference Relation Based on a Weighted Distance Metric 8.3.6 The Chebyshev Preference Relation 8.4 MOEAs Based on Value Function Methods 8.4.1 Progressive Approximation of a Value Function 8.4.2 Value Function by Ordinal Regression 8.5 Miscellaneous Methods 8.5.1 Desirability Functions 8.6 Conclusions and Future Work References 9 Generalized DEA and Computational Intelligence in Multiple Criteria Decision Making 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Generalized Data Envelopment Analysis 9.2.1 Basic DEA Models: CCR, BCC and FDH Models 9.2.2 GDEA Model 9.3 Generation of Pareto Optimal Solutions using Generalized DEA and Computational Intelligence 9.3.1 GDEA in Fitness Evaluation 9.3.2 GDEA in Deciding the Parameters of Multi-objective PSO 9.3.3 Expected Improvement for Multi-objective Optimization Using GDEA 9.4 Summary References 10 Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Solution Concepts for Multiobjective Programming 10.3 Interactive Multiobjective Linear Programming 10.4 Fuzzy Multiobjective Linear Programming 10.5 Interactive Fuzzy Multiobjective Linear Programming 10.6 Interactive Fuzzy Multiobjective Linear Programming with Fuzzy Parameters 10.7 Interactive Fuzzy Stochastic Multiobjective Linear Programming 10.8 Related Works and Applications References Part Five Applications in Management and Engineering 11 MCDA & Agents: Supporting Effective Resource Federation in Virtual Organizations 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Intuition of Multiple Criteria Decision Aid in Multi-agent Systems 11.3 Resource Federation Applied 11.3.1 Describing the Problem in a Cloud Computing Context 11.3.2 Problem Modeling 11.3.3 Assessing Agents' Value Function for Resource Federation 11.4 An Illustrative Example 11.5 Conclusions References 12 Fuzzy AHP Using Type II Fuzzy Sets: An Application to Warehouse Location Selection 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Multicriteria Selection 12.2.1 The ELECTRE (Élimination Et Choix Traduisant la Realite) Method 12.2.2 PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) 12.2.3 TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation) 12.2.4 The WSM (Weighted Sum Model) Method 12.2.5 MAUT (Multi-attribute Utility Theory) 12.2.6 AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 12.3 Literature Review on Fuzzy AHP 12.4 Buckley's Type-1 Fuzzy AHP 12.5 Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 12.6 Type-2 Fuzzy AHP 12.7 An Application: Warehouse Location Selection 12.8 Conclusion References 13 Applying Genetic Algorithms to Optimize Energy Efficiency in Buildings 13.1 Introduction 13.2 State-of-the-Art Review 13.3 An Example Case Study 13.3.1 Basic Principles and Problem Definition 13.3.2 Decision Variables 13.3.3 Decision Criteria 13.3.4 Decision Model 13.4 Development and Application of a Genetic Algorithm for the Example Case Study 13.4.1 Development of the Genetic Algorithm 13.4.2 Application of the Genetic Algorithm, Analysis of Results and Discussion 13.5 Conclusions References 14 Nature-Inspired Intelligence for Pareto Optimality Analysis in Portfolio Optimization 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Literature Review 14.3 Methodological Issues 14.4 Pareto Optimal Sets in Portfolio Optimization 14.4.1 Pareto Efficiency 14.4.2 Mathematical Formulation of the Portfolio Optimization Problem 14.5 Computational Results 14.5.1 Experimental Setup 14.5.2 Efficient Frontier 14.6 Conclusion References Index.…”
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Spin-crossover materials properties and applications /

Table of Contents: “…Houghton 17.1 Introduction 443 17.2 Beginnings: Valence Bond and Ligand Field Theories 443 17.3 Quantum Chemistry 446 17.4 Empirical Methods 449 17.5 Conclusions 452 18 Theoretical Descriptions of Spin-Transitions in Bulk Lattices 455 Cristian, Enachescu, Masamichi Nishino and Seiji Miyashita 18.1 Introduction 455 18.2 Elastic Interaction Models for Spin-Crossover Systems 457 18.3 Mechano-Elastic Model 463 18.4 Conclusions 471 19 Optimizing the Stability of Trapped Metastable Spin States 475 Jean-Francois Letard, Guillaume Chastanet, Philippe Guionneau and Cedric Desplanches 19.1 Introduction 475 19.2 Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping (LIESST) Effect 476 19.3 The T(LIESST) Approach: The Case of Mononuclear Compounds 479 19.4 The T(LIESST) Approach: An Extension to Polynuclear Iron(II) Complexes 487 19.5 Simulation and Extrapolation of a T(LIESST) Experiment 495 19.6 Conclusions 500 20 Piezo- and Photo-Crystallography Applied to Spin-Crossover Materials 507 Philippe Guionneau and Eric Collet 20.1 Introduction 507 20.2 Spin-Crossover and Piezo-Crystallography 507 20.3 Crystallography of Photoexcited SCO Materials 512 21 Spin-Transitions in Metal Oxides 527 Jean-Pascal RUEFF 21.1 Introduction 527 21.2 RIXS: A Probe of the 3d Electronic Properties 530 21.3 Experimental Results 533 21.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 538 References 540 Index.…”
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Design and fabrication of self-powered micro-harvesters : rotating and vibrated micro-power systems / by Pan, C. T., Hwang, Y. M., Lin, Liwei, Chen, Yingzhong

Table of Contents: “…Machine generated contents note: About the Authors xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Energy Harvesters 2 1.2.1 Piezoelectric ZnO Energy Harvester 3 1.2.2 Vibrational Electromagnetic Generators 3 1.2.3 Rotary Electromagnetic Generators 4 1.2.4 NFES Piezoelectric PVDF Energy Harvester 4 1.3 Overview 5 2 Design and Fabrication of Flexible Piezoelectric Generators Based on ZnO Thin Films 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Characterization and Theoretical Analysis of Flexible ZnO-Based Piezoelectric Harvesters 10 2.2.1 Vibration Energy Conversion Model of Film-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester 10 2.2.2 Piezoelectricity and Polarity Test of Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Film 12 2.2.3 Optimal Thickness of PET Substrate 15 2.2.4 Model Solution of Cantilever Plate Equation 15 2.2.5 Vibration-Induced Electric Potential and Electric Power 18 2.2.6 Static Analysis to Calculate the Optimal Thickness of the PET Substrate 19 2.2.7 Model Analysis and Harmonic Analysis 21 2.2.8 Results of Model Analysis and Harmonic Analysis 23 2.3 The Fabrication of Flexible Piezoelectric ZnO Harvesters on PET Substrates 27 2.3.1 Bonding Process to Fabricate UV-Curable Resin Lump Structures on PET Substrates 27 2.3.2 Near-Field Electro-Spinning with Stereolithography Technique to Directly Write 3D UV-Curable Resin Patterns on PET Substrates 29 2.3.3 Sputtering of Al and ITO Conductive Thin Films on PET Substrates 29 2.3.4 Deposition of Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Films by Using RF Magnetron Sputtering 31 2.3.5 Testing a Single Energy Harvester under Resonant and Non-Resonant Conditions 34 2.3.6 Application of ZnO/PET-Based Generator to Flash Signal LED Module 39 2.3.7 Design and Performance of a Broad Bandwidth Energy Harvesting System 40 2.4 Fabrication and Performance of Flexible ZnO/SUS304-Based Piezoelectric Generators 48 2.4.1 Deposition of Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Films on Stainless Steel Substrates 48 2.4.2 Single-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generator 50 2.4.3 Double-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generator 51 2.4.4 Characterization of ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generators 52 2.4.5 Structural and Morphological Properties of Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Films on Stainless Steel Substrates 54 2.4.6 Analysis of Adhesion of ZnO Thin Films on Stainless Steel Substrates 56 2.4.7 Electrical Properties of Single-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generator 59 2.4.8 Characterization of Double-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generator: Analysis and Modification of Back Surface of SUS304 61 2.4.9 Electrical Properties of Double-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Piezoelectric Generator 63 2.5 Summary 66 References 67 3 Design and Fabrication of Vibration-Induced Electromagnetic Microgenerators 71 3.1 Introduction 71 3.2 Comparisons between MCTG and SMTG 74 3.2.1 Magnetic Core-Type Generator (MCTG) 74 3.2.2 Sided Magnet-Type Generator (SMTG) 76 3.3 Analysis of Electromagnetic Vibration-Induced Microgenerators 76 3.3.1 Design of Electromagnetic Vibration-Induced Microgenerators 77 3.3.2 Analysis Mode of the Microvibration Structure 78 3.3.3 Analysis Mode of Magnetic Field 81 3.3.4 Evaluation of Various Parameters of Power Output 84 3.4 Analytical Results and Discussion 88 3.4.1 Analysis of Bending Stress within the Supporting Beam of the Spiral Microspring 90 3.4.2 Finite Element Models for Magnetic Density Distribution 93 3.4.3 Power Output Evaluation 97 3.5 Fabrication of Microcoil for Microgenerator 103 3.5.1 Microspring and Induction Coil 103 3.5.2 Microspring and Magnet 105 3.6 Tests and Experiments 106 3.6.1 Measurement System 106 3.6.2 Measurement Results and Discussion 107 3.6.3 Comparison between Measured Results and Analytical Values 110 3.7 Conclusions 112 3.7.1 Analysis of Microgenerators and Vibration Mode and Simulation of the Magnetic Field 112 3.7.2 Fabrication of LTCC Microsensor 112 3.7.3 Measurement and Analysis Results 113 3.8 Summary 113 References 114 4 Design and Fabrication of Rotary Electromagnetic Microgenerator 117 4.1 Introduction 117 4.1.1 Piezoelectric, Thermoelectric, and Electrostatic Generators 119 4.1.2 Vibrational Electromagnetic Generators 119 4.1.3 Rotary Electromagnetic Generators 120 4.1.4 Generator Processes 121 4.1.5 Lithographie Galvanoformung Abformung Process 122 4.1.6 Winding Processes 123 4.1.7 LTCC 123 4.1.8 Printed Circuit Board Processes 124 4.1.9 Finite-Element Simulation and Analytical Solutions 126 4.2 Case 1: Winding Generator 126 4.2.1 Design 127 4.2.2 Analytical Formulation 132 4.2.3 Simulation 134 4.2.4 Fabrication Process 138 4.2.5 Results and Discussion (1) 139 4.2.6 Results and Discussion (2) 142 4.3 Case 2: LTCC Generator 146 4.3.1 Simulation 147 4.3.2 Analytical Theorem of Microgenerator Electromagnetism 148 4.3.3 Simplification 152 4.3.4 Analysis of Vector Magnetic Potential 153 4.3.5 Analytical Solutions for Power Generation 154 4.4 Fabrication 157 4.4.1 LTCC Process 157 4.4.2 Magnet Process 159 4.4.3 Measurement Set-up 160 4.5 Results and Discussion 162 4.5.1 Design 162 4.5.2 Analytical Solutions 168 4.5.3 Fabrication 170 References 178 5 Design and Fabrication of Electrospun PVDF Piezo-Energy Harvesters 183 5.1 Introduction 183 5.2 Fundamentals of Electrospinning Technology 187 5.2.1 Introduction to Electrospinning 187 5.2.2 Alignment and Assembly of Nanofibers 190 5.3 Near-Field Electrospinning 191 5.3.1 Introduction and Background 191 5.3.2 Principles of Operation 194 5.3.3 Process and Experiment 196 5.3.4 Summary 202 5.4 Continuous NFES 202 5.4.1 Introduction and Background 202 5.4.2 Principles of Operation 202 5.4.3 Controllability and Continuity 205 5.4.4 Process Characterization 208 5.4.5 Summary 211 5.5 Direct-Write Piezoelectric Nanogenerator 211 5.5.1 Introduction and Background 211 5.5.2 Polyvinylidene Fluoride 212 5.5.3 Theoretical Studies for Realization of Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers 213 5.5.4 Electrospinning of PVDF Nanofibers 216 5.5.5 Detailed Discussion of Process Parameters 219 5.5.6 Experimental Realization of PVDF Nanogenerator 223 5.5.7 Summary 241 5.6 Materials, Structure, and Operation of Nanogenerator with Future Prospects 241 5.6.1 Material and Structural Characteristics 241 5.6.2 Operation of Nanogenerator 243 5.6.3 Summary and Future Prospects 248 5.7 Case Study: Large-Array Electrospun PVDF Nanogenerators on a Flexible Substrate 248 5.7.1 Introduction and Background 248 5.7.2 Working Principle 249 5.7.3 Device Fabrication 249 5.7.4 Experimental Results 251 5.7.5 Summary 252 5.8 Conclusion 253 5.8.1 Near-Field Electrospinning 253 5.8.2 Continuous Near-Field Electrospinning 254 5.8.3 Direct-Write Piezoelectric PVDF 254 5.9 Future Directions 255 5.9.1 NFES Integrated Nanofiber Sensors 255 5.9.2 NFES One-Dimensional Sub-Wavelength Waveguide 256 5.9.3 NFES Biological Applications 257 5.9.4 Direct-Write Piezoelectric PVDF Nanogenerators 258 References 258 Index 265.…”
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Micro- and nano-structured interpenetrating polymer networks : from design to applications /

Table of Contents: “…15.3 Properties of IPNs 15.4 Applications of IPNs 15.4.1 Selective transportation of liquids and gases 15.4.2 Ion exchange membranes 15.4.3 Removal of metal ions 15.4.4 Sound and vibration damping 15.4.5 Other general applications 15.4.6 Biomedical Applications of IPNs 15.5 Conclusion References Index.…”
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Multicriteria decision aid and artificial intelligence links, theory and applications / by Doumpos, Michael

Table of Contents: “…s Method 7.5 Discussion 7.6 Conclusion References Part Four Multiobjective Optimization 8 Interactive Approaches Applied to Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Methods Analyzed in this Chapter 8.2 Basic Concepts and Notation 8.2.1 Multiobjective Optimization Problems 8.2.2 Classical Interactive Methods 8.3 MOEAs Based on Reference Point Methods 8.3.1 A Weighted Distance Metric 8.3.2 Light Beam Search Combined with NSGA-II 8.3.3 Controlling the Accuracy of the Pareto Front Approximation 8.3.4 Light Beam Search Combined with PSO 8.3.5 A Preference Relation Based on a Weighted Distance Metric 8.3.6 The Chebyshev Preference Relation 8.4 MOEAs Based on Value Function Methods 8.4.1 Progressive Approximation of a Value Function 8.4.2 Value Function by Ordinal Regression 8.5 Miscellaneous Methods 8.5.1 Desirability Functions 8.6 Conclusions and Future Work References 9 Generalized DEA and Computational Intelligence in Multiple Criteria Decision Making 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Generalized Data Envelopment Analysis 9.2.1 Basic DEA Models: CCR, BCC and FDH Models 9.2.2 GDEA Model 9.3 Generation of Pareto Optimal Solutions using Generalized DEA and Computational Intelligence 9.3.1 GDEA in Fitness Evaluation 9.3.2 GDEA in Deciding the Parameters of Multi-objective PSO 9.3.3 Expected Improvement for Multi-objective Optimization Using GDEA 9.4 Summary References 10 Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Solution Concepts for Multiobjective Programming 10.3 Interactive Multiobjective Linear Programming 10.4 Fuzzy Multiobjective Linear Programming 10.5 Interactive Fuzzy Multiobjective Linear Programming 10.6 Interactive Fuzzy Multiobjective Linear Programming with Fuzzy Parameters 10.7 Interactive Fuzzy Stochastic Multiobjective Linear Programming 10.8 Related Works and Applications References Part Five Applications in Management and Engineering 11 MCDA & Agents: Supporting Effective Resource Federation in Virtual Organizations 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Intuition of Multiple Criteria Decision Aid in Multi-agent Systems 11.3 Resource Federation Applied 11.3.1 Describing the Problem in a Cloud Computing Context 11.3.2 Problem Modeling 11.3.3 Assessing Agents' Value Function for Resource Federation 11.4 An Illustrative Example 11.5 Conclusions References 12 Fuzzy AHP Using Type II Fuzzy Sets: An Application to Warehouse Location Selection 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Multicriteria Selection 12.2.1 The ELECTRE (Élimination Et Choix Traduisant la Realite) Method 12.2.2 PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) 12.2.3 TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation) 12.2.4 The WSM (Weighted Sum Model) Method 12.2.5 MAUT (Multi-attribute Utility Theory) 12.2.6 AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 12.3 Literature Review on Fuzzy AHP 12.4 Buckley's Type-1 Fuzzy AHP 12.5 Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 12.6 Type-2 Fuzzy AHP 12.7 An Application: Warehouse Location Selection 12.8 Conclusion References 13 Applying Genetic Algorithms to Optimize Energy Efficiency in Buildings 13.1 Introduction 13.2 State-of-the-Art Review 13.3 An Example Case Study 13.3.1 Basic Principles and Problem Definition 13.3.2 Decision Variables 13.3.3 Decision Criteria 13.3.4 Decision Model 13.4 Development and Application of a Genetic Algorithm for the Example Case Study 13.4.1 Development of the Genetic Algorithm 13.4.2 Application of the Genetic Algorithm, Analysis of Results and Discussion 13.5 Conclusions References 14 Nature-Inspired Intelligence for Pareto Optimality Analysis in Portfolio Optimization 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Literature Review 14.3 Methodological Issues 14.4 Pareto Optimal Sets in Portfolio Optimization 14.4.1 Pareto Efficiency 14.4.2 Mathematical Formulation of the Portfolio Optimization Problem 14.5 Computational Results 14.5.1 Experimental Setup 14.5.2 Efficient Frontier 14.6 Conclusion References Index.…”
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Spin-crossover materials properties and applications /

Table of Contents: “…Houghton 17.1 Introduction 443 17.2 Beginnings: Valence Bond and Ligand Field Theories 443 17.3 Quantum Chemistry 446 17.4 Empirical Methods 449 17.5 Conclusions 452 18 Theoretical Descriptions of Spin-Transitions in Bulk Lattices 455 Cristian, Enachescu, Masamichi Nishino and Seiji Miyashita 18.1 Introduction 455 18.2 Elastic Interaction Models for Spin-Crossover Systems 457 18.3 Mechano-Elastic Model 463 18.4 Conclusions 471 19 Optimizing the Stability of Trapped Metastable Spin States 475 Jean-Francois Letard, Guillaume Chastanet, Philippe Guionneau and Cedric Desplanches 19.1 Introduction 475 19.2 Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping (LIESST) Effect 476 19.3 The T(LIESST) Approach: The Case of Mononuclear Compounds 479 19.4 The T(LIESST) Approach: An Extension to Polynuclear Iron(II) Complexes 487 19.5 Simulation and Extrapolation of a T(LIESST) Experiment 495 19.6 Conclusions 500 20 Piezo- and Photo-Crystallography Applied to Spin-Crossover Materials 507 Philippe Guionneau and Eric Collet 20.1 Introduction 507 20.2 Spin-Crossover and Piezo-Crystallography 507 20.3 Crystallography of Photoexcited SCO Materials 512 21 Spin-Transitions in Metal Oxides 527 Jean-Pascal RUEFF 21.1 Introduction 527 21.2 RIXS: A Probe of the 3d Electronic Properties 530 21.3 Experimental Results 533 21.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 538 References 540 Index.…”
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Design and fabrication of self-powered micro-harvesters : rotating and vibrated micro-power systems / by Pan, C. T., Hwang, Y. M., Lin, Liwei, Chen, Yingzhong

Table of Contents: “…Machine generated contents note: About the Authors xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Energy Harvesters 2 1.2.1 Piezoelectric ZnO Energy Harvester 3 1.2.2 Vibrational Electromagnetic Generators 3 1.2.3 Rotary Electromagnetic Generators 4 1.2.4 NFES Piezoelectric PVDF Energy Harvester 4 1.3 Overview 5 2 Design and Fabrication of Flexible Piezoelectric Generators Based on ZnO Thin Films 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Characterization and Theoretical Analysis of Flexible ZnO-Based Piezoelectric Harvesters 10 2.2.1 Vibration Energy Conversion Model of Film-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester 10 2.2.2 Piezoelectricity and Polarity Test of Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Film 12 2.2.3 Optimal Thickness of PET Substrate 15 2.2.4 Model Solution of Cantilever Plate Equation 15 2.2.5 Vibration-Induced Electric Potential and Electric Power 18 2.2.6 Static Analysis to Calculate the Optimal Thickness of the PET Substrate 19 2.2.7 Model Analysis and Harmonic Analysis 21 2.2.8 Results of Model Analysis and Harmonic Analysis 23 2.3 The Fabrication of Flexible Piezoelectric ZnO Harvesters on PET Substrates 27 2.3.1 Bonding Process to Fabricate UV-Curable Resin Lump Structures on PET Substrates 27 2.3.2 Near-Field Electro-Spinning with Stereolithography Technique to Directly Write 3D UV-Curable Resin Patterns on PET Substrates 29 2.3.3 Sputtering of Al and ITO Conductive Thin Films on PET Substrates 29 2.3.4 Deposition of Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Films by Using RF Magnetron Sputtering 31 2.3.5 Testing a Single Energy Harvester under Resonant and Non-Resonant Conditions 34 2.3.6 Application of ZnO/PET-Based Generator to Flash Signal LED Module 39 2.3.7 Design and Performance of a Broad Bandwidth Energy Harvesting System 40 2.4 Fabrication and Performance of Flexible ZnO/SUS304-Based Piezoelectric Generators 48 2.4.1 Deposition of Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Films on Stainless Steel Substrates 48 2.4.2 Single-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generator 50 2.4.3 Double-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generator 51 2.4.4 Characterization of ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generators 52 2.4.5 Structural and Morphological Properties of Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Films on Stainless Steel Substrates 54 2.4.6 Analysis of Adhesion of ZnO Thin Films on Stainless Steel Substrates 56 2.4.7 Electrical Properties of Single-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generator 59 2.4.8 Characterization of Double-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Generator: Analysis and Modification of Back Surface of SUS304 61 2.4.9 Electrical Properties of Double-Sided ZnO/SUS304-Based Piezoelectric Generator 63 2.5 Summary 66 References 67 3 Design and Fabrication of Vibration-Induced Electromagnetic Microgenerators 71 3.1 Introduction 71 3.2 Comparisons between MCTG and SMTG 74 3.2.1 Magnetic Core-Type Generator (MCTG) 74 3.2.2 Sided Magnet-Type Generator (SMTG) 76 3.3 Analysis of Electromagnetic Vibration-Induced Microgenerators 76 3.3.1 Design of Electromagnetic Vibration-Induced Microgenerators 77 3.3.2 Analysis Mode of the Microvibration Structure 78 3.3.3 Analysis Mode of Magnetic Field 81 3.3.4 Evaluation of Various Parameters of Power Output 84 3.4 Analytical Results and Discussion 88 3.4.1 Analysis of Bending Stress within the Supporting Beam of the Spiral Microspring 90 3.4.2 Finite Element Models for Magnetic Density Distribution 93 3.4.3 Power Output Evaluation 97 3.5 Fabrication of Microcoil for Microgenerator 103 3.5.1 Microspring and Induction Coil 103 3.5.2 Microspring and Magnet 105 3.6 Tests and Experiments 106 3.6.1 Measurement System 106 3.6.2 Measurement Results and Discussion 107 3.6.3 Comparison between Measured Results and Analytical Values 110 3.7 Conclusions 112 3.7.1 Analysis of Microgenerators and Vibration Mode and Simulation of the Magnetic Field 112 3.7.2 Fabrication of LTCC Microsensor 112 3.7.3 Measurement and Analysis Results 113 3.8 Summary 113 References 114 4 Design and Fabrication of Rotary Electromagnetic Microgenerator 117 4.1 Introduction 117 4.1.1 Piezoelectric, Thermoelectric, and Electrostatic Generators 119 4.1.2 Vibrational Electromagnetic Generators 119 4.1.3 Rotary Electromagnetic Generators 120 4.1.4 Generator Processes 121 4.1.5 Lithographie Galvanoformung Abformung Process 122 4.1.6 Winding Processes 123 4.1.7 LTCC 123 4.1.8 Printed Circuit Board Processes 124 4.1.9 Finite-Element Simulation and Analytical Solutions 126 4.2 Case 1: Winding Generator 126 4.2.1 Design 127 4.2.2 Analytical Formulation 132 4.2.3 Simulation 134 4.2.4 Fabrication Process 138 4.2.5 Results and Discussion (1) 139 4.2.6 Results and Discussion (2) 142 4.3 Case 2: LTCC Generator 146 4.3.1 Simulation 147 4.3.2 Analytical Theorem of Microgenerator Electromagnetism 148 4.3.3 Simplification 152 4.3.4 Analysis of Vector Magnetic Potential 153 4.3.5 Analytical Solutions for Power Generation 154 4.4 Fabrication 157 4.4.1 LTCC Process 157 4.4.2 Magnet Process 159 4.4.3 Measurement Set-up 160 4.5 Results and Discussion 162 4.5.1 Design 162 4.5.2 Analytical Solutions 168 4.5.3 Fabrication 170 References 178 5 Design and Fabrication of Electrospun PVDF Piezo-Energy Harvesters 183 5.1 Introduction 183 5.2 Fundamentals of Electrospinning Technology 187 5.2.1 Introduction to Electrospinning 187 5.2.2 Alignment and Assembly of Nanofibers 190 5.3 Near-Field Electrospinning 191 5.3.1 Introduction and Background 191 5.3.2 Principles of Operation 194 5.3.3 Process and Experiment 196 5.3.4 Summary 202 5.4 Continuous NFES 202 5.4.1 Introduction and Background 202 5.4.2 Principles of Operation 202 5.4.3 Controllability and Continuity 205 5.4.4 Process Characterization 208 5.4.5 Summary 211 5.5 Direct-Write Piezoelectric Nanogenerator 211 5.5.1 Introduction and Background 211 5.5.2 Polyvinylidene Fluoride 212 5.5.3 Theoretical Studies for Realization of Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers 213 5.5.4 Electrospinning of PVDF Nanofibers 216 5.5.5 Detailed Discussion of Process Parameters 219 5.5.6 Experimental Realization of PVDF Nanogenerator 223 5.5.7 Summary 241 5.6 Materials, Structure, and Operation of Nanogenerator with Future Prospects 241 5.6.1 Material and Structural Characteristics 241 5.6.2 Operation of Nanogenerator 243 5.6.3 Summary and Future Prospects 248 5.7 Case Study: Large-Array Electrospun PVDF Nanogenerators on a Flexible Substrate 248 5.7.1 Introduction and Background 248 5.7.2 Working Principle 249 5.7.3 Device Fabrication 249 5.7.4 Experimental Results 251 5.7.5 Summary 252 5.8 Conclusion 253 5.8.1 Near-Field Electrospinning 253 5.8.2 Continuous Near-Field Electrospinning 254 5.8.3 Direct-Write Piezoelectric PVDF 254 5.9 Future Directions 255 5.9.1 NFES Integrated Nanofiber Sensors 255 5.9.2 NFES One-Dimensional Sub-Wavelength Waveguide 256 5.9.3 NFES Biological Applications 257 5.9.4 Direct-Write Piezoelectric PVDF Nanogenerators 258 References 258 Index 265.…”
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Micro- and nano-structured interpenetrating polymer networks : from design to applications /

Table of Contents: “…15.3 Properties of IPNs 15.4 Applications of IPNs 15.4.1 Selective transportation of liquids and gases 15.4.2 Ion exchange membranes 15.4.3 Removal of metal ions 15.4.4 Sound and vibration damping 15.4.5 Other general applications 15.4.6 Biomedical Applications of IPNs 15.5 Conclusion References Index.…”
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The rise of games and high-performance computing for modeling and simulation

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Another world is possible spiritualities and religions of global darker peoples /

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