Search Results - "simulation"

Mixed models theory and applications with R / by Demidenko, Eugene, 1948-

Table of Contents: “…331.16 Software and books361.17 Summary points 372 MLE for LME Model 412.1 Example: Weight versus height 422.2 The model and log-likelihood functions 452.3 Balanced random-coefficient model 602.4 LME model with random intercepts 642.5 Criterion for the MLE existence 722.6 Criterion for positive definiteness of matrix D742.7 Preestimation bounds for variance parameters 772.8 Maximization algorithms792.9 Derivatives of the log-likelihood function 812.10 Newton--Raphson algorithm 832.11 Fisher scoring algorithm852.12 EM algorithm 882.13 Starting point 932.14 Algorithms for restricted MLE 962.15 Optimization on nonnegative definite matrices 972.16 lmeFS and lme in R 1082.17 Appendix: Proof of the MLE existence 1122.18 Summary points 1153 Statistical Properties of the LME Model 1193.1 Introduction 1193.2 Identifiability of the LMEmodel 1193.3 Information matrix for variance parameters 1223.4 Profile-likelihood confidence intervals 1333.5 Statistical testing of the presence of random effects 1353.6 Statistical properties of MLE 1393.7 Estimation of random effects 1483.8 Hypothesis and membership testing 1533.9 Ignoring random effects 1573.10 MINQUE for variance parameters 1603.11 Method of moments 1693.12 Variance least squares estimator 1733.13 Projection on D+ space 1783.14 Comparison of the variance parameter estimation 1783.15 Asymptotically efficient estimation for [beta] 1823.16 Summary points 1834 Growth Curve Model and Generalizations 1874.1 Linear growth curve model 1874.2 General linear growth curve model 2034.3 Linear model with linear covariance structure 2214.4 Robust linear mixed effects model 2354.5 Appendix: Derivation of the MM estimator 2434.6 Summary points 2445 Meta-analysis Model 2475.1 Simple meta-analysis model 2485.2 Meta-analysis model with covariates 2755.3 Multivariate meta-analysis model 2805.4 Summary points 2916 Nonlinear Marginal Model 2936.1 Fixed matrix of random effects 2946.2 Varied matrix of random effects 3076.3 Three types of nonlinear marginal models 3186.4 Total generalized estimating equations approach 3236.5 Summary points 3307 Generalized Linear Mixed Models 3337.1 Regression models for binary data 3347.2 Binary model with subject-specific intercept 3577.3 Logistic regression with random intercept 3647.4 Probit model with random intercept 3847.5 Poisson model with random intercept 3887.6 Random intercept model: overview 4037.7 Mixed models with multiple random effects 4047.8 GLMM and simulation methods 4137.9 GEE for clustered marginal GLM 4187.10 Criteria for MLE existence for binary model 4267.11 Summary points 4318 Nonlinear Mixed Effects Model 4358.1 Introduction 4358.2 The model 4368.3 Example: Height of girls and boys 4398.4 Maximum likelihood estimation 4418.5 Two-stage estimator 4448.6 First-order approximation 4508.7 Lindstrom--Bates estimator 4528.8 Likelihood approximations 4578.9 One-parameter exponential model 4608.10 Asymptotic equivalence of the TS and LB estimators 4678.11 Bias-corrected two-stage estimator 4698.12 Distribution misspecification 4718.13 Partially nonlinear marginal mixed model 4748.14 Fixed sample likelihood approach4758.15 Estimation of random effects and hypothesis testing 4788.16 Example (continued) 4798.17 Practical recommendations 4818.18 Appendix: Proof of theorem on equivalence 4828.19 Summary points 4859 Diagnostics and Influence Analysis 4899.1 Introduction 4899.2 Influence analysis for linear regression 4909.3 The idea of infinitesimal influence 4939.4 Linear regression model 4959.5 Nonlinear regression model 5129.6 Logistic regression for binary outcome 5179.7 Influence of correlation structure 5269.8 Influence of measurement error 5279.9 Influence analysis for the LME model 5309.10 Appendix: MLE derivative with respect to σ2 5369.11 Summary points 53710 Tumor Regrowth Curves 54110.1 Survival curves 54310.2 Double--exponential regrowth curve 54510.3 Exponential growth with fixed regrowth time 55910.4 General regrowth curve 56510.5 Double--exponential transient regrowth curve 56610.6 Gompertz transient regrowth curve 57310.7 Summary points 57611 Statistical Analysis of Shape 57911.1 Introduction 57911.2 Statistical analysis of random triangles 58111.3 Face recognition 58411.4 Scale-irrelevant shape model 58511.5 Gorilla vertebrae analysis 58911.6 Procrustes estimation of the mean shape 59111.7 Fourier descriptor analysis 59811.8 Summary points 60712 Statistical Image Analysis 60912.1 Introduction 60912.2 Testing for uniform lighting 61212.3 Kolmogorov--Smirnov image comparison 61612.4 Multinomial statistical model for images 62012.5 Image entropy 62312.6 Ensemble of unstructured images 62712.7 Image alignment and registration 64012.8 Ensemble of structured images 65212.9 Modeling spatial correlation 65412.10 Summary points 66013 Appendix: Useful Facts and Formulas 66313.1 Basic facts of asymptotic theory 66313.2 Some formulas of matrix algebra 67013.3 Basic facts of optimization theory 674References 683Index 713.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Mixed models theory and applications with R / by Demidenko, Eugene, 1948-

Table of Contents: “…331.16 Software and books361.17 Summary points 372 MLE for LME Model 412.1 Example: Weight versus height 422.2 The model and log-likelihood functions 452.3 Balanced random-coefficient model 602.4 LME model with random intercepts 642.5 Criterion for the MLE existence 722.6 Criterion for positive definiteness of matrix D742.7 Preestimation bounds for variance parameters 772.8 Maximization algorithms792.9 Derivatives of the log-likelihood function 812.10 Newton--Raphson algorithm 832.11 Fisher scoring algorithm852.12 EM algorithm 882.13 Starting point 932.14 Algorithms for restricted MLE 962.15 Optimization on nonnegative definite matrices 972.16 lmeFS and lme in R 1082.17 Appendix: Proof of the MLE existence 1122.18 Summary points 1153 Statistical Properties of the LME Model 1193.1 Introduction 1193.2 Identifiability of the LMEmodel 1193.3 Information matrix for variance parameters 1223.4 Profile-likelihood confidence intervals 1333.5 Statistical testing of the presence of random effects 1353.6 Statistical properties of MLE 1393.7 Estimation of random effects 1483.8 Hypothesis and membership testing 1533.9 Ignoring random effects 1573.10 MINQUE for variance parameters 1603.11 Method of moments 1693.12 Variance least squares estimator 1733.13 Projection on D+ space 1783.14 Comparison of the variance parameter estimation 1783.15 Asymptotically efficient estimation for [beta] 1823.16 Summary points 1834 Growth Curve Model and Generalizations 1874.1 Linear growth curve model 1874.2 General linear growth curve model 2034.3 Linear model with linear covariance structure 2214.4 Robust linear mixed effects model 2354.5 Appendix: Derivation of the MM estimator 2434.6 Summary points 2445 Meta-analysis Model 2475.1 Simple meta-analysis model 2485.2 Meta-analysis model with covariates 2755.3 Multivariate meta-analysis model 2805.4 Summary points 2916 Nonlinear Marginal Model 2936.1 Fixed matrix of random effects 2946.2 Varied matrix of random effects 3076.3 Three types of nonlinear marginal models 3186.4 Total generalized estimating equations approach 3236.5 Summary points 3307 Generalized Linear Mixed Models 3337.1 Regression models for binary data 3347.2 Binary model with subject-specific intercept 3577.3 Logistic regression with random intercept 3647.4 Probit model with random intercept 3847.5 Poisson model with random intercept 3887.6 Random intercept model: overview 4037.7 Mixed models with multiple random effects 4047.8 GLMM and simulation methods 4137.9 GEE for clustered marginal GLM 4187.10 Criteria for MLE existence for binary model 4267.11 Summary points 4318 Nonlinear Mixed Effects Model 4358.1 Introduction 4358.2 The model 4368.3 Example: Height of girls and boys 4398.4 Maximum likelihood estimation 4418.5 Two-stage estimator 4448.6 First-order approximation 4508.7 Lindstrom--Bates estimator 4528.8 Likelihood approximations 4578.9 One-parameter exponential model 4608.10 Asymptotic equivalence of the TS and LB estimators 4678.11 Bias-corrected two-stage estimator 4698.12 Distribution misspecification 4718.13 Partially nonlinear marginal mixed model 4748.14 Fixed sample likelihood approach4758.15 Estimation of random effects and hypothesis testing 4788.16 Example (continued) 4798.17 Practical recommendations 4818.18 Appendix: Proof of theorem on equivalence 4828.19 Summary points 4859 Diagnostics and Influence Analysis 4899.1 Introduction 4899.2 Influence analysis for linear regression 4909.3 The idea of infinitesimal influence 4939.4 Linear regression model 4959.5 Nonlinear regression model 5129.6 Logistic regression for binary outcome 5179.7 Influence of correlation structure 5269.8 Influence of measurement error 5279.9 Influence analysis for the LME model 5309.10 Appendix: MLE derivative with respect to σ2 5369.11 Summary points 53710 Tumor Regrowth Curves 54110.1 Survival curves 54310.2 Double--exponential regrowth curve 54510.3 Exponential growth with fixed regrowth time 55910.4 General regrowth curve 56510.5 Double--exponential transient regrowth curve 56610.6 Gompertz transient regrowth curve 57310.7 Summary points 57611 Statistical Analysis of Shape 57911.1 Introduction 57911.2 Statistical analysis of random triangles 58111.3 Face recognition 58411.4 Scale-irrelevant shape model 58511.5 Gorilla vertebrae analysis 58911.6 Procrustes estimation of the mean shape 59111.7 Fourier descriptor analysis 59811.8 Summary points 60712 Statistical Image Analysis 60912.1 Introduction 60912.2 Testing for uniform lighting 61212.3 Kolmogorov--Smirnov image comparison 61612.4 Multinomial statistical model for images 62012.5 Image entropy 62312.6 Ensemble of unstructured images 62712.7 Image alignment and registration 64012.8 Ensemble of structured images 65212.9 Modeling spatial correlation 65412.10 Summary points 66013 Appendix: Useful Facts and Formulas 66313.1 Basic facts of asymptotic theory 66313.2 Some formulas of matrix algebra 67013.3 Basic facts of optimization theory 674References 683Index 713.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems TAIGA Concept /

Table of Contents: “…Introduction: concept of TAIGA -- Geochemical constraints on potential biomass sustained by subseafloor water-rock interactions -- Microbial cell densities, community structures, and growth in the hydrothermal plumes of subduction hydrothermal systems -- Systematics of distributions of various elements between ferromanganese oxides and seawater from natural observation, thermodynamics, and structures -- Evaluating hydrothermal system evolution using geochronological dating and biological diversity analyses -- Quantification of microbial communities in hydrothermal vent habitats of the Southern Mariana Trough and the Mid-Okinawa Trough -- Development of hydrothermal and frictional experimental systems to simulate sub-seafloor water–rock–microbe interactions -- Experimental hydrogen production in hydrothermal and fault systems: Significance for habitability of subseafloor H2 chemoautotroph microbial ecosystems -- Experimental assessment of microbial effects on chemical interaction between seafloor massive sulfides and seawater at 4℃ -- A compilation of the stable isotopic compositions of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in soft body parts of animals collected from deep-sea hydrothermal vent and methane seep fields: variations in energy source and importance of subsurface microbial processes in the sediment-hosted systems -- Tectonic background of four hydrothermal fields along the Central Indian Ridge -- Indian Ocean hydrothermal systems: seafloor hydrothermal activities, physical and chemical characteristics of hydrothermal fluids, and vent-associated biological communities -- Petrology and geochemistry of mid-ocean ridge basalts from the southern Central Indian Ridge -- Petrology of peridotites and related gabbroic rocks around the Kairei-hydrothermal field in the Central Indian Ridge -- Distribution and Biogeochemical Properties of Hydrothermal Plumes in the Rodriguez Triple Junction -- Vent fauna in the Central Indian Ridge -- The mantle dynamics, the crustal formation, and the hydrothermal activity of the Southern Mariana Trough back-arc Basin -- Seismic structure and seismicity in the Southern Mariana Trough and their relation to hydrothermal activity -- Electrical resistivity structure of the Snail site at the Southern Mariana Trough spreading center -- Asymmetric seafloor spreading of the southern Mariana Trough back-arc basin -- Geochemical characteristics of active backarc basin volcanisms at the southern end of Mariana Trough -- Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal minerals collected from hydrothermal vent fields in the Southern Mariana spreading center -- Dating of hydrothermal mineralization in active hydrothermal fields in the Southern Mariana Trough -- Intra-field variation of prokaryotic communities on and below the seafloor in the back-arc hydrothermal system of the Southern Mariana Trough -- Vent fauna in the Mariana Trough -- Population history of a hydrothermal vent-endemic snail Alviniconcha hessleri in the Mariana Trough -- Hydrothermal activity in the Okinawa Trough backarc basin -geological background and hydrothermal mineralization- -- Active rifting structures in Iheya Graben and adjacent area of the mid-Okinawa Trough observed through seismic reflection surveys -- ESR dating of barite in sea-floor hydrothermal sulfide deposits in the Okinawa Trough -- Fluid geochemistry of high-temperature hydrothermal fields in the Okinawa Trough -- Sediment‒pore water system associated with native sulfur formation at Jade hydrothermal field in Okinawa Trough -- Comparative investigation of microbial communities associated with hydrothermal activities in the Okinawa Trough -- In situ determination of bacterial growth in mixing zone of hydrothermal vent field on the Hatoma Knoll, Southern Okinawa Trough -- Vent Fauna in the Okinawa Trough -- Brief report of side-scan sonar observations around the Yokoniwa NTO massif -- Examination of volcanic activity: AUV and submersible observations of fine-scale lava flow distributions along the Southern Mariana Trough spreading axis -- Brief report of side-scan sonar imagery observations of the Archaean, Pika, and Urashima hydrothermal sites -- The Yoron Hole: the shallowest hydrothermal site in the Okinawa Trough -- The Irabu Knoll: Hydrothermal site at the eastern edge of the Yaeyama Graben -- Tarama Knoll: Geochemical and biological profiles of hydrothermal activity -- Petrography and geochemistry of basement rocks drilled from Snail, Yamanaka, Archean, and Pika hydrothermal fields at the Southern Mariana Trough by Benthic Multi-coring System (BMS) -- Pore fluid chemistry beneath active hydrothermal fields in the mid-Okinawa Trough: Results of shallow drilling by BMS during TAIGA11 cruise -- The characteristics of the seafloor massive sulfide deposits at the Hakurei Site in the Izena Hole, the Middle Okinawa Trough -- Occurrence of hydrothermal alteration minerals at the Jade hydrothermal field, in the Izena Hole, mid-Okinawa Trough -- Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids collected from active hydrothermal systems in the southern Mariana Trough backarc spreading center -- Gamma ray doses in water around sea floor hydrothermal area in South Mariana -- 226Ra-210Pb and 228Ra-228Th dating of barite in submarine hydrothermal sulfide deposits collected at Okinawa Trough and South Mariana Trough -- OSL dating of sea floor sediments at the Okinawa Trough -- Immediate change of radiation doses from hydrothermal deposits -- Periodic behavior of deep sea current in the Hatoma Knoll hydrothermal system -- The gelatinous macroplankton community at the Hatoma Knoll hydrothermal vent.…”
Get full text

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems TAIGA Concept /

Table of Contents: “…Introduction: concept of TAIGA -- Geochemical constraints on potential biomass sustained by subseafloor water-rock interactions -- Microbial cell densities, community structures, and growth in the hydrothermal plumes of subduction hydrothermal systems -- Systematics of distributions of various elements between ferromanganese oxides and seawater from natural observation, thermodynamics, and structures -- Evaluating hydrothermal system evolution using geochronological dating and biological diversity analyses -- Quantification of microbial communities in hydrothermal vent habitats of the Southern Mariana Trough and the Mid-Okinawa Trough -- Development of hydrothermal and frictional experimental systems to simulate sub-seafloor water–rock–microbe interactions -- Experimental hydrogen production in hydrothermal and fault systems: Significance for habitability of subseafloor H2 chemoautotroph microbial ecosystems -- Experimental assessment of microbial effects on chemical interaction between seafloor massive sulfides and seawater at 4℃ -- A compilation of the stable isotopic compositions of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in soft body parts of animals collected from deep-sea hydrothermal vent and methane seep fields: variations in energy source and importance of subsurface microbial processes in the sediment-hosted systems -- Tectonic background of four hydrothermal fields along the Central Indian Ridge -- Indian Ocean hydrothermal systems: seafloor hydrothermal activities, physical and chemical characteristics of hydrothermal fluids, and vent-associated biological communities -- Petrology and geochemistry of mid-ocean ridge basalts from the southern Central Indian Ridge -- Petrology of peridotites and related gabbroic rocks around the Kairei-hydrothermal field in the Central Indian Ridge -- Distribution and Biogeochemical Properties of Hydrothermal Plumes in the Rodriguez Triple Junction -- Vent fauna in the Central Indian Ridge -- The mantle dynamics, the crustal formation, and the hydrothermal activity of the Southern Mariana Trough back-arc Basin -- Seismic structure and seismicity in the Southern Mariana Trough and their relation to hydrothermal activity -- Electrical resistivity structure of the Snail site at the Southern Mariana Trough spreading center -- Asymmetric seafloor spreading of the southern Mariana Trough back-arc basin -- Geochemical characteristics of active backarc basin volcanisms at the southern end of Mariana Trough -- Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal minerals collected from hydrothermal vent fields in the Southern Mariana spreading center -- Dating of hydrothermal mineralization in active hydrothermal fields in the Southern Mariana Trough -- Intra-field variation of prokaryotic communities on and below the seafloor in the back-arc hydrothermal system of the Southern Mariana Trough -- Vent fauna in the Mariana Trough -- Population history of a hydrothermal vent-endemic snail Alviniconcha hessleri in the Mariana Trough -- Hydrothermal activity in the Okinawa Trough backarc basin -geological background and hydrothermal mineralization- -- Active rifting structures in Iheya Graben and adjacent area of the mid-Okinawa Trough observed through seismic reflection surveys -- ESR dating of barite in sea-floor hydrothermal sulfide deposits in the Okinawa Trough -- Fluid geochemistry of high-temperature hydrothermal fields in the Okinawa Trough -- Sediment‒pore water system associated with native sulfur formation at Jade hydrothermal field in Okinawa Trough -- Comparative investigation of microbial communities associated with hydrothermal activities in the Okinawa Trough -- In situ determination of bacterial growth in mixing zone of hydrothermal vent field on the Hatoma Knoll, Southern Okinawa Trough -- Vent Fauna in the Okinawa Trough -- Brief report of side-scan sonar observations around the Yokoniwa NTO massif -- Examination of volcanic activity: AUV and submersible observations of fine-scale lava flow distributions along the Southern Mariana Trough spreading axis -- Brief report of side-scan sonar imagery observations of the Archaean, Pika, and Urashima hydrothermal sites -- The Yoron Hole: the shallowest hydrothermal site in the Okinawa Trough -- The Irabu Knoll: Hydrothermal site at the eastern edge of the Yaeyama Graben -- Tarama Knoll: Geochemical and biological profiles of hydrothermal activity -- Petrography and geochemistry of basement rocks drilled from Snail, Yamanaka, Archean, and Pika hydrothermal fields at the Southern Mariana Trough by Benthic Multi-coring System (BMS) -- Pore fluid chemistry beneath active hydrothermal fields in the mid-Okinawa Trough: Results of shallow drilling by BMS during TAIGA11 cruise -- The characteristics of the seafloor massive sulfide deposits at the Hakurei Site in the Izena Hole, the Middle Okinawa Trough -- Occurrence of hydrothermal alteration minerals at the Jade hydrothermal field, in the Izena Hole, mid-Okinawa Trough -- Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids collected from active hydrothermal systems in the southern Mariana Trough backarc spreading center -- Gamma ray doses in water around sea floor hydrothermal area in South Mariana -- 226Ra-210Pb and 228Ra-228Th dating of barite in submarine hydrothermal sulfide deposits collected at Okinawa Trough and South Mariana Trough -- OSL dating of sea floor sediments at the Okinawa Trough -- Immediate change of radiation doses from hydrothermal deposits -- Periodic behavior of deep sea current in the Hatoma Knoll hydrothermal system -- The gelatinous macroplankton community at the Hatoma Knoll hydrothermal vent.…”
Get full text

Commitment to Equity Handbook : Estimating the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Inequality and Poverty /

Table of Contents: “…/ Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 2.3.Policy Simulations / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 2.4.Caveats: No Behavioral Responses, No Intertemporal Effects, and No Spillover Effects / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.CEQ Assessment: Indicators / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.1.Impact and Spending Effectiveness Indicators / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.1.1.Impact Effectiveness (IE) / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.1.2.Spending Effectiveness (SE) / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.2.Transfers: Indicators of Coverage, Errors of Exclusion, Errors of Inclusion, and Errors of Social Programs: Definitions / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- ch. 2 Analytic Foundations: Measuring the Redistributive Impact of Taxes and Transfers / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 1.The Fiscal System and Income Redistribution: The Case of a Single Tax or a Single Transfer / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.1.A Single Tax / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.1.1.Equalizing, Neutral, and Unequalizing Net Fiscal Systems: Conditions for the One-Tax Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.1.2.Comparing Two Taxes of Different Sizes / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.2.A Single Transfer / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.2.1.Fiscal Systems: Comparing Two Single-Transfer Systems of Different Sizes / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.The Fiscal System and Income Redistribution: Multiple Taxes and Transfers / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.1.Equalizing, Neutral, and Unequalizing Net Fiscal Systems / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.1.1.Conditions for the One Tax-One Transfer Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.1.2.Conditions for the Multiple Taxes and Transfers Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.2.Equalizing, Neutral, and Unequalizing Taxes or Transfers / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.2.1.Conditions for the One Tax-One Transfer Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.2.2.Conditions for the Multiple Taxes and Transfers Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.3.The Derivative of Marginal Contribution with Respect to Progressivity and Size / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.3.1.The Derivatives for the Case of a Marginal Change in Taxes / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.3.2.The Derivatives for the Case of a Marginal Change in Transfers / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.4.The Sensitivity of Marginal Contribution Analysis to the Use of the Conventional Gini Index / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- Appendix 2A. …”
Full text available:

Commitment to Equity Handbook : Estimating the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Inequality and Poverty /

Table of Contents: “…/ Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 2.3.Policy Simulations / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 2.4.Caveats: No Behavioral Responses, No Intertemporal Effects, and No Spillover Effects / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.CEQ Assessment: Indicators / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.1.Impact and Spending Effectiveness Indicators / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.1.1.Impact Effectiveness (IE) / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.1.2.Spending Effectiveness (SE) / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 3.2.Transfers: Indicators of Coverage, Errors of Exclusion, Errors of Inclusion, and Errors of Social Programs: Definitions / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- ch. 2 Analytic Foundations: Measuring the Redistributive Impact of Taxes and Transfers / Sean Higgins / Nora Lustig -- 1.The Fiscal System and Income Redistribution: The Case of a Single Tax or a Single Transfer / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.1.A Single Tax / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.1.1.Equalizing, Neutral, and Unequalizing Net Fiscal Systems: Conditions for the One-Tax Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.1.2.Comparing Two Taxes of Different Sizes / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.2.A Single Transfer / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 1.2.1.Fiscal Systems: Comparing Two Single-Transfer Systems of Different Sizes / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.The Fiscal System and Income Redistribution: Multiple Taxes and Transfers / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.1.Equalizing, Neutral, and Unequalizing Net Fiscal Systems / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.1.1.Conditions for the One Tax-One Transfer Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.1.2.Conditions for the Multiple Taxes and Transfers Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.2.Equalizing, Neutral, and Unequalizing Taxes or Transfers / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.2.1.Conditions for the One Tax-One Transfer Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.2.2.Conditions for the Multiple Taxes and Transfers Case / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.3.The Derivative of Marginal Contribution with Respect to Progressivity and Size / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.3.1.The Derivatives for the Case of a Marginal Change in Taxes / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.3.2.The Derivatives for the Case of a Marginal Change in Transfers / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- 2.4.The Sensitivity of Marginal Contribution Analysis to the Use of the Conventional Gini Index / Ali Enami / Rodrigo Aranda / Nora Lustig -- Appendix 2A. …”
Full text available:

Spin-crossover materials properties and applications /

Table of Contents: “…Houghton 17.1 Introduction 443 17.2 Beginnings: Valence Bond and Ligand Field Theories 443 17.3 Quantum Chemistry 446 17.4 Empirical Methods 449 17.5 Conclusions 452 18 Theoretical Descriptions of Spin-Transitions in Bulk Lattices 455 Cristian, Enachescu, Masamichi Nishino and Seiji Miyashita 18.1 Introduction 455 18.2 Elastic Interaction Models for Spin-Crossover Systems 457 18.3 Mechano-Elastic Model 463 18.4 Conclusions 471 19 Optimizing the Stability of Trapped Metastable Spin States 475 Jean-Francois Letard, Guillaume Chastanet, Philippe Guionneau and Cedric Desplanches 19.1 Introduction 475 19.2 Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping (LIESST) Effect 476 19.3 The T(LIESST) Approach: The Case of Mononuclear Compounds 479 19.4 The T(LIESST) Approach: An Extension to Polynuclear Iron(II) Complexes 487 19.5 Simulation and Extrapolation of a T(LIESST) Experiment 495 19.6 Conclusions 500 20 Piezo- and Photo-Crystallography Applied to Spin-Crossover Materials 507 Philippe Guionneau and Eric Collet 20.1 Introduction 507 20.2 Spin-Crossover and Piezo-Crystallography 507 20.3 Crystallography of Photoexcited SCO Materials 512 21 Spin-Transitions in Metal Oxides 527 Jean-Pascal RUEFF 21.1 Introduction 527 21.2 RIXS: A Probe of the 3d Electronic Properties 530 21.3 Experimental Results 533 21.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 538 References 540 Index.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Spin-crossover materials properties and applications /

Table of Contents: “…Houghton 17.1 Introduction 443 17.2 Beginnings: Valence Bond and Ligand Field Theories 443 17.3 Quantum Chemistry 446 17.4 Empirical Methods 449 17.5 Conclusions 452 18 Theoretical Descriptions of Spin-Transitions in Bulk Lattices 455 Cristian, Enachescu, Masamichi Nishino and Seiji Miyashita 18.1 Introduction 455 18.2 Elastic Interaction Models for Spin-Crossover Systems 457 18.3 Mechano-Elastic Model 463 18.4 Conclusions 471 19 Optimizing the Stability of Trapped Metastable Spin States 475 Jean-Francois Letard, Guillaume Chastanet, Philippe Guionneau and Cedric Desplanches 19.1 Introduction 475 19.2 Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping (LIESST) Effect 476 19.3 The T(LIESST) Approach: The Case of Mononuclear Compounds 479 19.4 The T(LIESST) Approach: An Extension to Polynuclear Iron(II) Complexes 487 19.5 Simulation and Extrapolation of a T(LIESST) Experiment 495 19.6 Conclusions 500 20 Piezo- and Photo-Crystallography Applied to Spin-Crossover Materials 507 Philippe Guionneau and Eric Collet 20.1 Introduction 507 20.2 Spin-Crossover and Piezo-Crystallography 507 20.3 Crystallography of Photoexcited SCO Materials 512 21 Spin-Transitions in Metal Oxides 527 Jean-Pascal RUEFF 21.1 Introduction 527 21.2 RIXS: A Probe of the 3d Electronic Properties 530 21.3 Experimental Results 533 21.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 538 References 540 Index.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

E-learning and the science of instruction : proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning / by Clark, Ruth Colvin, Mayer, Richard E., 1947-

Table of Contents: “…Applying the Guidelines Chapter Summary Applying Evidence-based Guidelines to E-Courses E-Learning Guidelines Checklist Review of Sample 1: Excel for Small Business Review of Sample 2: Synchronous Excel Lesson Review of Sample 3: Automotive Troubleshooting Simulation Reflections on Past Predictions Beyond 2016 in Multimedia Research In Conclusion References Glossary List of Tables and Figures Name Index Subject Index About the Authors Wiley Publication Guide.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

E-learning and the science of instruction : proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning / by Clark, Ruth Colvin, Mayer, Richard E., 1947-

Table of Contents: “…Applying the Guidelines Chapter Summary Applying Evidence-based Guidelines to E-Courses E-Learning Guidelines Checklist Review of Sample 1: Excel for Small Business Review of Sample 2: Synchronous Excel Lesson Review of Sample 3: Automotive Troubleshooting Simulation Reflections on Past Predictions Beyond 2016 in Multimedia Research In Conclusion References Glossary List of Tables and Figures Name Index Subject Index About the Authors Wiley Publication Guide.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Chemistry and technology of emulsion polymerisation

Table of Contents: “…Machine generated contents note: List of Contributors xi Abbreviations xiii List of Frequently Used Symbols xvii Introduction to the Second Edition xix Introduction to the First Edition xxi 1 Historic Overview 1 Finn Knut Hansen 1.1 The Early Stages 1 1.2 The Second Half of the Twentieth Century 9 1.2.1 Product Development 9 1.2.2 Kinetic Theory 11 1.2.3 Emulsion Polymerisation in Monomer Droplets 19 1.2.4 Industrial Process Control and Simulation 21 2 Introduction to Radical (Co)Polymerisation 23 A.M. van Herk 2.1 Mechanism of Free Radical Polymerisation 23 2.2 Rate of Polymerisation and Development of Molecular Mass Distribution 25 2.2.1 Rate of Polymerisation 25 2.2.2 Kinetic Chain Length 26 2.2.3 Chain Length Distribution 27 2.2.4 Temperature and Conversion Effects 30 2.3 Radical Transfer Reactions 31 2.3.1 Radical Transfer Reactions to Low Molecular Mass Species 31 2.3.2 Radical Transfer Reactions to Polymer 32 2.4 Radical Copolymerisation 34 2.4.1 Derivation of the Copolymerisation Equation 34 2.4.2 Types of Copolymers 37 2.4.3 Polymerisation Rates in Copolymerisations 39 2.5 Controlled Radical Polymerisation 41 3 Emulsion Polymerisation 43 A.M. van Herk and R.G. …”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Chemistry and technology of emulsion polymerisation

Table of Contents: “…Machine generated contents note: List of Contributors xi Abbreviations xiii List of Frequently Used Symbols xvii Introduction to the Second Edition xix Introduction to the First Edition xxi 1 Historic Overview 1 Finn Knut Hansen 1.1 The Early Stages 1 1.2 The Second Half of the Twentieth Century 9 1.2.1 Product Development 9 1.2.2 Kinetic Theory 11 1.2.3 Emulsion Polymerisation in Monomer Droplets 19 1.2.4 Industrial Process Control and Simulation 21 2 Introduction to Radical (Co)Polymerisation 23 A.M. van Herk 2.1 Mechanism of Free Radical Polymerisation 23 2.2 Rate of Polymerisation and Development of Molecular Mass Distribution 25 2.2.1 Rate of Polymerisation 25 2.2.2 Kinetic Chain Length 26 2.2.3 Chain Length Distribution 27 2.2.4 Temperature and Conversion Effects 30 2.3 Radical Transfer Reactions 31 2.3.1 Radical Transfer Reactions to Low Molecular Mass Species 31 2.3.2 Radical Transfer Reactions to Polymer 32 2.4 Radical Copolymerisation 34 2.4.1 Derivation of the Copolymerisation Equation 34 2.4.2 Types of Copolymers 37 2.4.3 Polymerisation Rates in Copolymerisations 39 2.5 Controlled Radical Polymerisation 41 3 Emulsion Polymerisation 43 A.M. van Herk and R.G. …”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Fatigue of materials and structures application to design and damage /

Table of Contents: “…Superposition" method -- 3.4.5.Superposition method: applicable examples -- 3.4.6.Numerical application exercise -- 3.5.Performing some "damage tolerance" calculations -- 3.5.1.Complementarity of fatigue and damage tolerance -- 3.5.2.Safety coefficients to understand curve a = f(N) -- 3.5.3.Acquisition of the material parameters -- 3.5.4.Negative parameter: corrosion -- "corrosion fatigue" -- 3.6.Application to the residual strength of thin sheets -- 3.6.1.Planar panels: Feddersen diagram -- 3.6.2.Case of stiffened panels -- 3.7.Propagation of cracks subjected to random loading in the aeronautic industry -- 3.7.1.Modeling of the interactions of loading cycles -- 3.7.2.Comparison of predictions with experimental results -- 3.7.3.Rainflow treatment of random loadings -- 3.8.Conclusion -- 3.8.1.Organization of the evolution of "damage tolerance" -- 3.8.2.Structural maintenance program -- 3.8.3.Inspection of structures being used -- 3.9.Damage tolerance within the gigacyclic domain -- 3.9.1.Observations on crack propagation -- 3.9.2.Propagation of a fish-eye with regards to damage tolerance -- 3.9.3.Example of a turbine disk subjected to vibration -- 3.10.Bibliography -- ch. 4 Defect Influence on the Fatigue Behavior of Metallic Materials / Gilles Baudry -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.Some facts -- 4.2.1.Failure observation -- 4.2.2.Endurance limit level -- 4.2.3.Influence of the rolling reduction ratio and the effect of rolling direction -- 4.2.4.Low cycle fatigue: SN curves -- 4.2.5.Wohler curve: existence of an endurance limit -- 4.2.6.Summary -- 4.3.Approaches -- 4.3.1.First models -- 4.3.2.Kitagawa diagram -- 4.3.3.Murakami model -- 4.4.A few examples -- 4.4.1.Medium-loaded components: example of as-forged parts: connecting rods -- effect of the forging skin -- 4.4.2.High-loaded components: relative importance of cleanliness and surface state -- example of the valve spring -- 4.4.3.High-loaded components: Bearings-Endurance cleanliness relationship -- 4.5.Prospects -- 4.5.1.Estimation of lifetimes and their dispersions -- 4.5.2.Fiber orientation -- 4.5.3.Prestressing -- 4.5.4.Corrosion -- 4.5.5.Complex loadings: spectra/over-loadings/multiaxial loadings -- 4.5.6.Gigacycle fatigue -- 4.6.Conclusion -- 4.7.Bibliography -- ch. 5 Fretting Fatigue: Modeling and Applications / Trevor Lindley -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.2.Experimental methods -- 5.2.1.Fatigue specimens and contact pads -- 5.2.2.Fatigue S-N data with and without fretting -- 5.2.3.Frictional force measurement -- 5.2.4.Metallography and fractography -- 5.2.5.Mechanisms in fretting fatigue -- 5.3.Fretting fatigue analysis -- 5.3.1.The S-N approach -- 5.3.2.Fretting modeling -- 5.3.3.Two-body contact -- 5.3.4.Fatigue crack initiation -- 5.3.5.Analysis of cracks: the fracture mechanics approach -- 5.3.6.Propagation -- 5.4.Applications under fretting conditions -- 5.4.1.Metallic material: partial slip regime -- 5.4.2.Epoxy polymers: development of cracks under a total slip regime -- 5.5.Palliatives to combat fretting fatigue -- 5.6.Conclusions -- 5.7.Bibliography -- ch. 6 Contact Fatigue / Ky Dang Van -- 6.1.Introduction -- 6.2.Classification of the main types of contact damage -- 6.2.1.Background -- 6.2.2.Damage induced by rolling contacts with or without sliding effect -- 6.2.3.Fretting -- 6.3.A few results on contact mechanics -- 6.3.1.Hertz solution -- 6.3.2.Case of contact with friction under total sliding conditions -- 6.3.3.Case of contact with partial sliding -- 6.3.4.Elastic contact between two solids of different elastic modules -- 6.3.5.3D elastic contact -- 6.4.Elastic limit -- 6.5.Elastoplastic contact -- 6.5.1.Stationary methods -- 6.5.2.Direct cyclic method -- 6.6.Application to modeling of a few contact fatigue issues -- 6.6.1.General methodology -- 6.6.2.Initiation of fatigue cracks in rails -- 6.6.3.Propagation of initiated cracks -- 6.6.4.Application to fretting fatigue -- 6.7.Conclusion -- 6.8.Bibliography -- ch. 7 Thermal Fatigue / Luc Remy -- 7.1.Introduction -- 7.2.Characterization tests -- 7.2.1.Cyclic mechanical behavior -- 7.2.2.Damage -- 7.3.Constitutive and damage models at variable temperatures -- 7.3.1.Constitutive laws -- 7.3.2.Damage process modeling based on fatigue conditions -- 7.3.3.Modeling the damage process in complex cases: towards considering interactions with creep and oxidation phenomena -- 7.4.Applications -- 7.4.1.Exhaust manifolds in automotive industry -- 7.4.2.Cylinder heads made from aluminum alloys in the automotive industry -- 7.4.3.Brake disks in the rail and automotive industries -- 7.4.4.Nuclear industry pipes -- 7.4.5.Simple structures simulating turbine blades -- 7.5.Conclusion -- 7.6.Bibliography.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Fatigue of materials and structures application to design and damage /

Table of Contents: “…Superposition" method -- 3.4.5.Superposition method: applicable examples -- 3.4.6.Numerical application exercise -- 3.5.Performing some "damage tolerance" calculations -- 3.5.1.Complementarity of fatigue and damage tolerance -- 3.5.2.Safety coefficients to understand curve a = f(N) -- 3.5.3.Acquisition of the material parameters -- 3.5.4.Negative parameter: corrosion -- "corrosion fatigue" -- 3.6.Application to the residual strength of thin sheets -- 3.6.1.Planar panels: Feddersen diagram -- 3.6.2.Case of stiffened panels -- 3.7.Propagation of cracks subjected to random loading in the aeronautic industry -- 3.7.1.Modeling of the interactions of loading cycles -- 3.7.2.Comparison of predictions with experimental results -- 3.7.3.Rainflow treatment of random loadings -- 3.8.Conclusion -- 3.8.1.Organization of the evolution of "damage tolerance" -- 3.8.2.Structural maintenance program -- 3.8.3.Inspection of structures being used -- 3.9.Damage tolerance within the gigacyclic domain -- 3.9.1.Observations on crack propagation -- 3.9.2.Propagation of a fish-eye with regards to damage tolerance -- 3.9.3.Example of a turbine disk subjected to vibration -- 3.10.Bibliography -- ch. 4 Defect Influence on the Fatigue Behavior of Metallic Materials / Gilles Baudry -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.Some facts -- 4.2.1.Failure observation -- 4.2.2.Endurance limit level -- 4.2.3.Influence of the rolling reduction ratio and the effect of rolling direction -- 4.2.4.Low cycle fatigue: SN curves -- 4.2.5.Wohler curve: existence of an endurance limit -- 4.2.6.Summary -- 4.3.Approaches -- 4.3.1.First models -- 4.3.2.Kitagawa diagram -- 4.3.3.Murakami model -- 4.4.A few examples -- 4.4.1.Medium-loaded components: example of as-forged parts: connecting rods -- effect of the forging skin -- 4.4.2.High-loaded components: relative importance of cleanliness and surface state -- example of the valve spring -- 4.4.3.High-loaded components: Bearings-Endurance cleanliness relationship -- 4.5.Prospects -- 4.5.1.Estimation of lifetimes and their dispersions -- 4.5.2.Fiber orientation -- 4.5.3.Prestressing -- 4.5.4.Corrosion -- 4.5.5.Complex loadings: spectra/over-loadings/multiaxial loadings -- 4.5.6.Gigacycle fatigue -- 4.6.Conclusion -- 4.7.Bibliography -- ch. 5 Fretting Fatigue: Modeling and Applications / Trevor Lindley -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.2.Experimental methods -- 5.2.1.Fatigue specimens and contact pads -- 5.2.2.Fatigue S-N data with and without fretting -- 5.2.3.Frictional force measurement -- 5.2.4.Metallography and fractography -- 5.2.5.Mechanisms in fretting fatigue -- 5.3.Fretting fatigue analysis -- 5.3.1.The S-N approach -- 5.3.2.Fretting modeling -- 5.3.3.Two-body contact -- 5.3.4.Fatigue crack initiation -- 5.3.5.Analysis of cracks: the fracture mechanics approach -- 5.3.6.Propagation -- 5.4.Applications under fretting conditions -- 5.4.1.Metallic material: partial slip regime -- 5.4.2.Epoxy polymers: development of cracks under a total slip regime -- 5.5.Palliatives to combat fretting fatigue -- 5.6.Conclusions -- 5.7.Bibliography -- ch. 6 Contact Fatigue / Ky Dang Van -- 6.1.Introduction -- 6.2.Classification of the main types of contact damage -- 6.2.1.Background -- 6.2.2.Damage induced by rolling contacts with or without sliding effect -- 6.2.3.Fretting -- 6.3.A few results on contact mechanics -- 6.3.1.Hertz solution -- 6.3.2.Case of contact with friction under total sliding conditions -- 6.3.3.Case of contact with partial sliding -- 6.3.4.Elastic contact between two solids of different elastic modules -- 6.3.5.3D elastic contact -- 6.4.Elastic limit -- 6.5.Elastoplastic contact -- 6.5.1.Stationary methods -- 6.5.2.Direct cyclic method -- 6.6.Application to modeling of a few contact fatigue issues -- 6.6.1.General methodology -- 6.6.2.Initiation of fatigue cracks in rails -- 6.6.3.Propagation of initiated cracks -- 6.6.4.Application to fretting fatigue -- 6.7.Conclusion -- 6.8.Bibliography -- ch. 7 Thermal Fatigue / Luc Remy -- 7.1.Introduction -- 7.2.Characterization tests -- 7.2.1.Cyclic mechanical behavior -- 7.2.2.Damage -- 7.3.Constitutive and damage models at variable temperatures -- 7.3.1.Constitutive laws -- 7.3.2.Damage process modeling based on fatigue conditions -- 7.3.3.Modeling the damage process in complex cases: towards considering interactions with creep and oxidation phenomena -- 7.4.Applications -- 7.4.1.Exhaust manifolds in automotive industry -- 7.4.2.Cylinder heads made from aluminum alloys in the automotive industry -- 7.4.3.Brake disks in the rail and automotive industries -- 7.4.4.Nuclear industry pipes -- 7.4.5.Simple structures simulating turbine blades -- 7.5.Conclusion -- 7.6.Bibliography.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Encyclopedia of Caribbean archaeology /

Table of Contents: “…s Community (Trinidad) / Tracy Assing -- Seafaring Simulations / Richard T. Callaghan -- The Seville Sugar Plantation (British Colonial Jamaica) / Douglas V. …”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Encyclopedia of Caribbean archaeology /

Table of Contents: “…s Community (Trinidad) / Tracy Assing -- Seafaring Simulations / Richard T. Callaghan -- The Seville Sugar Plantation (British Colonial Jamaica) / Douglas V. …”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Bistatic SAR data processing algorithms by Qiu, Xiaolan

An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Bistatic SAR data processing algorithms by Qiu, Xiaolan

An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Principles of GNSS, inertial, and multisensor integrated navigation systems / by Groves, Paul D. (Paul David)

Table of Contents: “…Note continued: 12.3.Short-Range Communications Systems -- 12.3.1.Wireless Local Area Networks (Wi-Fi) -- 12.3.2.Wireless Personal Area Networks -- 12.3.3.Radio Frequency Identification -- 12.3.4.Bluetooth Low Energy -- 12.3.5.Dedicated Short-Range Communication -- 12.4.Underwater Acoustic Positioning -- 12.5.Other Positioning Technologies -- 12.5.1.Radio -- 12.5.2.Ultrasound -- 12.5.3.Infrared -- 12.5.4.Optical -- 12.5.5.Magnetic -- References -- ch. 13 Environmental Feature Matching -- 13.1.Map Matching -- 13.1.1.Digital Road Maps -- 13.1.2.Road Link Identification -- 13.1.3.Road Positioning -- 13.1.4.Rail Map Matching -- 13.1.5.Pedestrian Map Matching -- 13.2.Terrain-Referenced Navigation -- 13.2.1.Sequential Processing -- 13.2.2.Batch Processing -- 13.2.3.Performance -- 13.2.4.Laser TRN -- 13.2.5.Sonar TRN -- 13.2.6.Barometric TRN -- 13.2.7.Terrain Database Height Aiding -- 13.3.Image-Based Navigation -- 13.3.1.Imaging Sensors -- 13.3.2.Image Feature Comparison -- 13.3.3.Position Fixing Using Individual Features -- 13.3.4.Position Fixing by Whole-Image Matching -- 13.3.5.Visual Odometry -- 13.3.6.Feature Tracking -- 13.3.7.Stellar Navigation -- 13.4.Other Feature-Matching Techniques -- 13.4.1.Gravity Gradiometry -- 13.4.2.Magnetic Field Variation -- 13.4.3.Celestial X-Ray Sources -- References -- ch. 14 INS/GNSS Integration -- 14.1.Integration Architectures -- 14.1.1.Correction of the Inertial Navigation Solution -- 14.1.2.Loosely Coupled Integration -- 14.1.3.Tightly Coupled Integration -- 14.1.4.GNSS Aiding -- 14.1.5.Deeply Coupled Integration -- 14.2.System Model and State Selection -- 14.2.1.State Selection and Observability -- 14.2.2.INS State Propagation in an Inertial Frame -- 14.2.3.INS State Propagation in an Earth Frame -- 14.2.4.INS State Propagation Resolved in a Local Navigation Frame -- 14.2.5.Additional IMU Error States -- 14.2.6.INS System Noise -- 14.2.7.GNSS State Propagation and System Noise -- 14.2.8.State Initialization -- 14.3.Measurement Models -- 14.3.1.Loosely Coupled Integration -- 14.3.2.Tightly Coupled Integration -- 14.3.3.Deeply Coupled Integration -- 14.3.4.Estimation of Attitude and Instrument Errors -- 14.4.Advanced INS/GNSS Integration -- 14.4.1.Differential GNSS -- 14.4.2.Carrier-Phase Positioning -- 14.4.3.GNSS Attitude -- 14.4.4.Large Heading Errors -- 14.4.5.Advanced IMU Error Modeling -- 14.4.6.Smoothing -- References -- ch. 15 INS Alignment, Zero Updates, and Motion Constraints -- 15.1.Transfer Alignment -- 15.1.1.Conventional Measurement Matching -- 15.1.2.Rapid Transfer Alignment -- 15.1.3.Reference Navigation System -- 15.2.Quasi-Stationary Alignment -- 15.2.1.Coarse Alignment -- 15.2.2.Fine Alignment -- 15.3.Zero Updates -- 15.3.1.Stationary-Condition Detection -- 15.3.2.Zero Velocity Update -- 15.3.3.Zero Angular Rate Update -- 15.4.Motion Constraints -- 15.4.1.Land Vehicle Constraints -- 15.4.2.Pedestrian Constraints -- 15.4.3.Ship and Boat Constraint -- References -- ch. 16 Multisensor Integrated Navigation -- 16.1.Integration Architectures -- 16.1.1.Cascaded Single-Epoch Integration -- 16.1.2.Centralized Single-Epoch Integration -- 16.1.3.Cascaded Filtered Integration -- 16.1.4.Centralized Filtered Integration -- 16.1.5.Federated Filtered Integration -- 16.1.6.Hybrid Integration Architectures -- 16.1.7.Total-State Kalman Filter Employing Prediction -- 16.1.8.Error-State Kalman Filter -- 16.1.9.Primary and Reversionary Moding -- 16.1.10.Context-Adaptive Moding -- 16.2.Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- 16.2.1.Attitude -- 16.2.2.Height and Depth -- 16.2.3.Odometry -- 16.2.4.Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Using Step Detection -- 16.2.5.Doppler Radar and Sonar -- 16.2.6.Visual Odometry and Terrain-Referenced Dead Reckoning -- 16.3.Position-Fixing Measurements -- 16.3.1.Position Measurement Integration -- 16.3.2.Ranging Measurement Integration -- 16.3.3.Angular Measurement Integration -- 16.3.4.Line Fix Integration -- 16.3.5.Handling Ambiguous Measurements -- 16.3.6.Feature Tracking and Mapping -- 16.3.7.Aiding of Position-Fixing Systems -- References -- ch. 17 Fault Detection, Integrity Monitoring, and Testing -- 17.1.Failure Modes -- 17.1.1.Inertial Navigation -- 17.1.2.Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- 17.1.3.GNSS -- 17.1.4.Terrestrial Radio Navigation -- 17.1.5.Environmental Feature Matching and Tracking -- 17.1.6.Integration Algorithm -- 17.1.7.Context -- 17.2.Range Checks -- 17.2.1.Sensor Outputs -- 17.2.2.Navigation Solution -- 17.2.3.Kalman Filter Estimates -- 17.3.Kalman Filter Measurement Innovations -- 17.3.1.Innovation Filtering -- 17.3.2.Innovation Sequence Monitoring -- 17.3.3.Remedying Biased State Estimates -- 17.4.Direct Consistency Checks -- 17.4.1.Measurement Consistency Checks and RAIM -- 17.4.2.Parallel Solutions -- 17.5.Infrastructure-Based Integrity Monitoring -- 17.6.Solution Protection and Performance Requirements -- 17.7.Testing -- 17.7.1.Field Trials -- 17.7.2.Recorded Data Testing -- 17.7.3.Laboratory Testing -- 17.7.4.Software Simulation -- References -- ch. 18 Applications and Future Trends -- 18.1.Design and Development -- 18.2.Aviation -- 18.3.Guided Weapons and Small UAVs -- 18.4.Land Vehicle Applications -- 18.5.Rail Navigation -- 18.6.Marine Navigation -- 18.7.Underwater Navigation -- 18.8.Spacecraft Navigation -- 18.9.Pedestrian Navigation -- 18.10.Other Applications -- 18.11.Future Trends -- References.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Principles of GNSS, inertial, and multisensor integrated navigation systems / by Groves, Paul D. (Paul David)

Table of Contents: “…Note continued: 12.3.Short-Range Communications Systems -- 12.3.1.Wireless Local Area Networks (Wi-Fi) -- 12.3.2.Wireless Personal Area Networks -- 12.3.3.Radio Frequency Identification -- 12.3.4.Bluetooth Low Energy -- 12.3.5.Dedicated Short-Range Communication -- 12.4.Underwater Acoustic Positioning -- 12.5.Other Positioning Technologies -- 12.5.1.Radio -- 12.5.2.Ultrasound -- 12.5.3.Infrared -- 12.5.4.Optical -- 12.5.5.Magnetic -- References -- ch. 13 Environmental Feature Matching -- 13.1.Map Matching -- 13.1.1.Digital Road Maps -- 13.1.2.Road Link Identification -- 13.1.3.Road Positioning -- 13.1.4.Rail Map Matching -- 13.1.5.Pedestrian Map Matching -- 13.2.Terrain-Referenced Navigation -- 13.2.1.Sequential Processing -- 13.2.2.Batch Processing -- 13.2.3.Performance -- 13.2.4.Laser TRN -- 13.2.5.Sonar TRN -- 13.2.6.Barometric TRN -- 13.2.7.Terrain Database Height Aiding -- 13.3.Image-Based Navigation -- 13.3.1.Imaging Sensors -- 13.3.2.Image Feature Comparison -- 13.3.3.Position Fixing Using Individual Features -- 13.3.4.Position Fixing by Whole-Image Matching -- 13.3.5.Visual Odometry -- 13.3.6.Feature Tracking -- 13.3.7.Stellar Navigation -- 13.4.Other Feature-Matching Techniques -- 13.4.1.Gravity Gradiometry -- 13.4.2.Magnetic Field Variation -- 13.4.3.Celestial X-Ray Sources -- References -- ch. 14 INS/GNSS Integration -- 14.1.Integration Architectures -- 14.1.1.Correction of the Inertial Navigation Solution -- 14.1.2.Loosely Coupled Integration -- 14.1.3.Tightly Coupled Integration -- 14.1.4.GNSS Aiding -- 14.1.5.Deeply Coupled Integration -- 14.2.System Model and State Selection -- 14.2.1.State Selection and Observability -- 14.2.2.INS State Propagation in an Inertial Frame -- 14.2.3.INS State Propagation in an Earth Frame -- 14.2.4.INS State Propagation Resolved in a Local Navigation Frame -- 14.2.5.Additional IMU Error States -- 14.2.6.INS System Noise -- 14.2.7.GNSS State Propagation and System Noise -- 14.2.8.State Initialization -- 14.3.Measurement Models -- 14.3.1.Loosely Coupled Integration -- 14.3.2.Tightly Coupled Integration -- 14.3.3.Deeply Coupled Integration -- 14.3.4.Estimation of Attitude and Instrument Errors -- 14.4.Advanced INS/GNSS Integration -- 14.4.1.Differential GNSS -- 14.4.2.Carrier-Phase Positioning -- 14.4.3.GNSS Attitude -- 14.4.4.Large Heading Errors -- 14.4.5.Advanced IMU Error Modeling -- 14.4.6.Smoothing -- References -- ch. 15 INS Alignment, Zero Updates, and Motion Constraints -- 15.1.Transfer Alignment -- 15.1.1.Conventional Measurement Matching -- 15.1.2.Rapid Transfer Alignment -- 15.1.3.Reference Navigation System -- 15.2.Quasi-Stationary Alignment -- 15.2.1.Coarse Alignment -- 15.2.2.Fine Alignment -- 15.3.Zero Updates -- 15.3.1.Stationary-Condition Detection -- 15.3.2.Zero Velocity Update -- 15.3.3.Zero Angular Rate Update -- 15.4.Motion Constraints -- 15.4.1.Land Vehicle Constraints -- 15.4.2.Pedestrian Constraints -- 15.4.3.Ship and Boat Constraint -- References -- ch. 16 Multisensor Integrated Navigation -- 16.1.Integration Architectures -- 16.1.1.Cascaded Single-Epoch Integration -- 16.1.2.Centralized Single-Epoch Integration -- 16.1.3.Cascaded Filtered Integration -- 16.1.4.Centralized Filtered Integration -- 16.1.5.Federated Filtered Integration -- 16.1.6.Hybrid Integration Architectures -- 16.1.7.Total-State Kalman Filter Employing Prediction -- 16.1.8.Error-State Kalman Filter -- 16.1.9.Primary and Reversionary Moding -- 16.1.10.Context-Adaptive Moding -- 16.2.Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- 16.2.1.Attitude -- 16.2.2.Height and Depth -- 16.2.3.Odometry -- 16.2.4.Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Using Step Detection -- 16.2.5.Doppler Radar and Sonar -- 16.2.6.Visual Odometry and Terrain-Referenced Dead Reckoning -- 16.3.Position-Fixing Measurements -- 16.3.1.Position Measurement Integration -- 16.3.2.Ranging Measurement Integration -- 16.3.3.Angular Measurement Integration -- 16.3.4.Line Fix Integration -- 16.3.5.Handling Ambiguous Measurements -- 16.3.6.Feature Tracking and Mapping -- 16.3.7.Aiding of Position-Fixing Systems -- References -- ch. 17 Fault Detection, Integrity Monitoring, and Testing -- 17.1.Failure Modes -- 17.1.1.Inertial Navigation -- 17.1.2.Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- 17.1.3.GNSS -- 17.1.4.Terrestrial Radio Navigation -- 17.1.5.Environmental Feature Matching and Tracking -- 17.1.6.Integration Algorithm -- 17.1.7.Context -- 17.2.Range Checks -- 17.2.1.Sensor Outputs -- 17.2.2.Navigation Solution -- 17.2.3.Kalman Filter Estimates -- 17.3.Kalman Filter Measurement Innovations -- 17.3.1.Innovation Filtering -- 17.3.2.Innovation Sequence Monitoring -- 17.3.3.Remedying Biased State Estimates -- 17.4.Direct Consistency Checks -- 17.4.1.Measurement Consistency Checks and RAIM -- 17.4.2.Parallel Solutions -- 17.5.Infrastructure-Based Integrity Monitoring -- 17.6.Solution Protection and Performance Requirements -- 17.7.Testing -- 17.7.1.Field Trials -- 17.7.2.Recorded Data Testing -- 17.7.3.Laboratory Testing -- 17.7.4.Software Simulation -- References -- ch. 18 Applications and Future Trends -- 18.1.Design and Development -- 18.2.Aviation -- 18.3.Guided Weapons and Small UAVs -- 18.4.Land Vehicle Applications -- 18.5.Rail Navigation -- 18.6.Marine Navigation -- 18.7.Underwater Navigation -- 18.8.Spacecraft Navigation -- 18.9.Pedestrian Navigation -- 18.10.Other Applications -- 18.11.Future Trends -- References.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view