Search Results - "proteins"

Intrinsically unstructured proteins regulation and disease /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Regulatory genomics and systems biology -- Intrinsically unstructured proteins (IUPs): structural and biophysical advantage -- Functional advantage -- Thermodynamic and kinetic advantage -- Conformational advantage -- Identification of IUPs -- Functions of IUPs -- Disadvantages of unstructured regions -- Unstructured regions in proteins -- Cells minimize the risks of unstructured proteins -- Tight regulation of IUPs -- Key regulatory events affecting protein availability -- IUPs in yeast -- Gene-ontology functional enrichment analysis -- Genome-scale datasets on transcript availability -- Transcripts encoding IUPs are tightly controlled -- Mechanisms affecting transcript stability -- Genome-scale datasets on protein availability -- IUPs are tightly controlled at the translational level -- PEST sequences -- Aggregation prone IUPs: more tightly regulated -- Control calculation -- Tight regulation of IUPs is evolutionarily conserved -- Control of IUP affects signaling fidelity/regulation -- Control of specific IUP affects protein aggregation.…”
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Protein homeostasis in mitochondria chaperones and proteases of the mitochondrial matrix /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Protein homeostasis in mitochondria: the role of chaperones and proteases -- Principles of mitochondrial protein homeostasis -- Protein quality control in the matrix compartment -- Substrate selectivity of the mitochondrial protease Pim1 -- Proteomic analysis of mitochondrial protein turnover -- Proteome alterations under oxidative stress -- Identification of aggregation-prone polypeptides -- Protective effects of chaperones -- Cooperation of Hsp78 and Pim1 in removal of aggregated polypeptides.…”
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The unfolded protein response

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Molecular mechanism unfolded protein response -- Physiological importance of the unfolded protein response -- Intracellular signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the nucleus -- Reasons for activation -- Maintenance of homeostasis of the ER.…”
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Protein folding in vivo

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Protein folding in vivo -- Protein folding as facilitated by the acid inducible chaperone HdeA -- Optimization of folding in vivo illustrates a tradeoff between stability and function -- The Spy chaperone.…”
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Protein homeostasis in mitochondria AAA+ chaperones & proteases /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Protein homeostasis in mitochondria -- Mitochondria play an important role in ageing and disease -- Quality control of mitochondria is controlled at three different levels -- Protein quality control (PQC) in mitochondria is maintained by mitochondrial chaperones and AAA+ proteases -- Following proteotoxic stress a specific mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) is activated -- The AAA+ protease CLPXP is proposed to play a key role in mtUPR signaling -- A novel mtCLPX interacting protein that modulates the activity of mtCLPXP both in vitro and in vivo has been identified.…”
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Protein phosphatase inhibitors a distillation of cell signalling research and water toxicology /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Toxic inhibitors of protein PPP family serine/threonine phosphatases -- Use of these compounds to characterize the functions and structures of PPP enzymes -- The natural ecological contexts of the toxins -- Okadaic acid and the shellfish industry -- Microcystin in freshwater cyanobacteria -- Contrasts in how microcystin in regarded legally by the security and water industries -- Attempts to understand global trends in microcystin.…”
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Kinases and phosphatases -- Ways to remove phosphate from proteins -- Class I Cys-based PTPs -- Phosphatase families -- Mutational analysis of PTP-1 -- Sequences at active site -- Phospho-enzyme intermediate -- pH stability of phosphoprotein phosphate -- Site-directed mutational analysis of VHR -- How PTPs share a catalytic active site motif -- Sequences of phosphatases -- The bacterial Yop 2b phosphatase activity -- Bacterial growth in the spleen of mice -- Yop 2b in eukaryotic macrophages -- Interaction between Yersinia and a target cell -- Phosphatases as tumor suppressor genes -- PTEN and myotubularin structure -- PTEN-10q23.3 -- Frequency of PTEN mutations -- Kinetic constants of dual-specificity phosphates -- How PTEN is a "lipid" phosphatase -- How PTEN might inhibit cell survival -- Effect of PTEN overexpression on PIP3 production -- Effect of PTEN expression on PI 3-kinase activation -- Inositol phosphatase activity of PTEN -- PTEN tumor suppressor activity -- Key PTEN and PIP3 researchers -RNA interference in C.elegans -- RNA interference protocol for fly S2 cells -- Mammalian, C.elegans and fly signaling cascade -- How PTEN inhibits Akt activity -- The active site pocket of PTEN -- Sequence alignment of PTEN catalytic site.…”
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Protein import into chloroplasts

Table of Contents: “…Contents: The endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts -- Protein import as a result of genome rearrangements -- Different targeting pathways -- The general import pathway -- Properties of the targeting process -- Cytosolic components -- Components of the Toc and Tic translocon -- Stromal components -- Phylogenetic origin of the import apparatus.…”
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Elongation of protein synthesis structural basis of the peptide bond /

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From DNA to proteins the multiple levels of regulation /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: General ideas behind DNA association with: histones, replication, transcription, splicing, RNA modifications, protein synthesis and death and global gene expression analysis.…”
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Protein folding and misfolding from theory to therapy /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Protein nature, folding and complexity -- Folding in a cellular environment -- The underlying principles of folding -- Native and transition states -- Exploring the energy surface -- The folding of lysozyme -- The consequences of protein misfolding -- The relationship between folding and disease -- Protein deposition diseases -- Protein aggregates in amyloid diseases -- Amyloidogenic mutations of lysozyme -- Mechanism of amyloid formation -- Structure of the amyloidogenic intermediate -- Amyloid formation by lysozyme in vivo -- SH3 domain of PI3 kinase -- Model of an amyloid fibril -- The underlying origins of amyloid disease -- Generic toxicity of amyloid aggregates -- Cellular defences against aggregation -- Evolutionary design of proteins -- "Post-evolutionary" diseases.…”
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Gene and protein microarrays tools for gene discovery and function /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: High-throughput methods to examine global gene expression -- Understanding interactions in a given cell, tissue and organism under normal and disease state conditions -- Application of high throughput methods used in genomics and proteomics -- Use of DNA and protein microarrays for gene discovery and function -- Background information and terminology used in genomics and proteomics -- How DNA and protein microarrays are carried out -- Predicted future direction of genomics and proteomics microarray technologies.…”
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Protein synthesis in plastids

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Plastids have complete protein synthesis machinery -- Most plastid ribosomal proteins, ribosomal RNAs, translation factors and cisacting translational regulatory elements are homologous to components of bacterial protein synthesis -- Plastid-specific components have been identified -- Proteins are targeted to thylakoid membranes during their synthesis by plastid ribosomes.…”
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Novel immunotherapeutic proteins immunoligand /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Potential advantages of mAB -- Challenges for mAB -- Antibody based therapeutic proteins -- Attributes of immunoligands -- Creation of Ig-based fusion proteins -- Non-cytolytic IL-2/Fc fusion protein -- Vaccine trial design -- Creation of cytolytic IL-15R antagonist fusion protein -- Application of immunoligand: immunogen for mAB production, to stain the cognate ligand, to identify cell surface cognate ligands via immunoprecipitation, to create long lived proteins to test the function of the targeting ligand in vivo and to modulate immune responses -- Challenges for immunoligands.…”
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Antibodies by protein engineering

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Protein import into mitochondria

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Introduction to protein import pathways -- Structure and function of targeting sequences -- Protein import into the matrix, intermembrane space and membranes of mitochondria -- Biochemical assays and bioinformatics for studying protein import -- The TIM complex in parasites of humans -- The TOM complex in animals and plants -- The evolution of protein import into mitochondria.…”
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Chemical protein synthesis total synthesis of proteins for biological research /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: HIV-1 protease -- Electronic properties of the catalytic apparatus -- Defining the 'aspartyl proteases' -- 'Backbone engineering' HIV-1 PR -- The alpha-helix -- Ubiquitin (76 aa) -- Conformation vs. solvation effects -- Global and local structures are highly conserved -- Stability measurements of [Aaa35] ubiquitins -- Energetic contributions at helix C' position -- Erythropoietin (Epo) -- Synthetic erythropoiesis protein -- Synthetic 'glycan mimetic' -- Glycoprotein synthesis -- Molecular basis of protein function -- The synthetic challenge -- Classical solution synthesis -- Stepwise solid-phase synthesis -- Chemical protein synthesis -- Unprotected peptides -- Principles of chemical ligation -- Thioester-forming ligation -- Total synthesis of D- & L-HIV-1 protease -- Crystal structure of D-HIV-1 protease -- Native chemical ligation -- Crambin (46 aa; 6 Cys) -- CPS: current challenges.…”
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Fundamentals of protein chromatography part 1, basic protein purification /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Protein purification scheme and strategy -- Properties of proteins as handles for fractionation -- Obstacles during protein purifications and solutions -- Suitable buffers and practices to stabilize proteins.…”
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Fundamentals of protein chromatography part 2, protein chromatography /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: History of chromatography -- Forces and properties of proteins as handles for fractionation -- Types of chromatography -- Chromatography components -- HPLC -- Trouble shooting some chromatography problems -- Protein purification for pharmaceutical applications.…”
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Protein structure principles

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Primary protein structure -- X-ray diffraction and protein 3D structure -- Interactions within proteins -- Peptide bond constraints -- Ramachandran maps.…”
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