Search Results - "optics"

Fakebusters II scientific detection of fakery in art and philately /

An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Fakebusters II scientific detection of fakery in art and philately /

An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Principles of GNSS, inertial, and multisensor integrated navigation systems / by Groves, Paul D. (Paul David)

Table of Contents: “…Note continued: 12.3.Short-Range Communications Systems -- 12.3.1.Wireless Local Area Networks (Wi-Fi) -- 12.3.2.Wireless Personal Area Networks -- 12.3.3.Radio Frequency Identification -- 12.3.4.Bluetooth Low Energy -- 12.3.5.Dedicated Short-Range Communication -- 12.4.Underwater Acoustic Positioning -- 12.5.Other Positioning Technologies -- 12.5.1.Radio -- 12.5.2.Ultrasound -- 12.5.3.Infrared -- 12.5.4.Optical -- 12.5.5.Magnetic -- References -- ch. 13 Environmental Feature Matching -- 13.1.Map Matching -- 13.1.1.Digital Road Maps -- 13.1.2.Road Link Identification -- 13.1.3.Road Positioning -- 13.1.4.Rail Map Matching -- 13.1.5.Pedestrian Map Matching -- 13.2.Terrain-Referenced Navigation -- 13.2.1.Sequential Processing -- 13.2.2.Batch Processing -- 13.2.3.Performance -- 13.2.4.Laser TRN -- 13.2.5.Sonar TRN -- 13.2.6.Barometric TRN -- 13.2.7.Terrain Database Height Aiding -- 13.3.Image-Based Navigation -- 13.3.1.Imaging Sensors -- 13.3.2.Image Feature Comparison -- 13.3.3.Position Fixing Using Individual Features -- 13.3.4.Position Fixing by Whole-Image Matching -- 13.3.5.Visual Odometry -- 13.3.6.Feature Tracking -- 13.3.7.Stellar Navigation -- 13.4.Other Feature-Matching Techniques -- 13.4.1.Gravity Gradiometry -- 13.4.2.Magnetic Field Variation -- 13.4.3.Celestial X-Ray Sources -- References -- ch. 14 INS/GNSS Integration -- 14.1.Integration Architectures -- 14.1.1.Correction of the Inertial Navigation Solution -- 14.1.2.Loosely Coupled Integration -- 14.1.3.Tightly Coupled Integration -- 14.1.4.GNSS Aiding -- 14.1.5.Deeply Coupled Integration -- 14.2.System Model and State Selection -- 14.2.1.State Selection and Observability -- 14.2.2.INS State Propagation in an Inertial Frame -- 14.2.3.INS State Propagation in an Earth Frame -- 14.2.4.INS State Propagation Resolved in a Local Navigation Frame -- 14.2.5.Additional IMU Error States -- 14.2.6.INS System Noise -- 14.2.7.GNSS State Propagation and System Noise -- 14.2.8.State Initialization -- 14.3.Measurement Models -- 14.3.1.Loosely Coupled Integration -- 14.3.2.Tightly Coupled Integration -- 14.3.3.Deeply Coupled Integration -- 14.3.4.Estimation of Attitude and Instrument Errors -- 14.4.Advanced INS/GNSS Integration -- 14.4.1.Differential GNSS -- 14.4.2.Carrier-Phase Positioning -- 14.4.3.GNSS Attitude -- 14.4.4.Large Heading Errors -- 14.4.5.Advanced IMU Error Modeling -- 14.4.6.Smoothing -- References -- ch. 15 INS Alignment, Zero Updates, and Motion Constraints -- 15.1.Transfer Alignment -- 15.1.1.Conventional Measurement Matching -- 15.1.2.Rapid Transfer Alignment -- 15.1.3.Reference Navigation System -- 15.2.Quasi-Stationary Alignment -- 15.2.1.Coarse Alignment -- 15.2.2.Fine Alignment -- 15.3.Zero Updates -- 15.3.1.Stationary-Condition Detection -- 15.3.2.Zero Velocity Update -- 15.3.3.Zero Angular Rate Update -- 15.4.Motion Constraints -- 15.4.1.Land Vehicle Constraints -- 15.4.2.Pedestrian Constraints -- 15.4.3.Ship and Boat Constraint -- References -- ch. 16 Multisensor Integrated Navigation -- 16.1.Integration Architectures -- 16.1.1.Cascaded Single-Epoch Integration -- 16.1.2.Centralized Single-Epoch Integration -- 16.1.3.Cascaded Filtered Integration -- 16.1.4.Centralized Filtered Integration -- 16.1.5.Federated Filtered Integration -- 16.1.6.Hybrid Integration Architectures -- 16.1.7.Total-State Kalman Filter Employing Prediction -- 16.1.8.Error-State Kalman Filter -- 16.1.9.Primary and Reversionary Moding -- 16.1.10.Context-Adaptive Moding -- 16.2.Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- 16.2.1.Attitude -- 16.2.2.Height and Depth -- 16.2.3.Odometry -- 16.2.4.Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Using Step Detection -- 16.2.5.Doppler Radar and Sonar -- 16.2.6.Visual Odometry and Terrain-Referenced Dead Reckoning -- 16.3.Position-Fixing Measurements -- 16.3.1.Position Measurement Integration -- 16.3.2.Ranging Measurement Integration -- 16.3.3.Angular Measurement Integration -- 16.3.4.Line Fix Integration -- 16.3.5.Handling Ambiguous Measurements -- 16.3.6.Feature Tracking and Mapping -- 16.3.7.Aiding of Position-Fixing Systems -- References -- ch. 17 Fault Detection, Integrity Monitoring, and Testing -- 17.1.Failure Modes -- 17.1.1.Inertial Navigation -- 17.1.2.Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- 17.1.3.GNSS -- 17.1.4.Terrestrial Radio Navigation -- 17.1.5.Environmental Feature Matching and Tracking -- 17.1.6.Integration Algorithm -- 17.1.7.Context -- 17.2.Range Checks -- 17.2.1.Sensor Outputs -- 17.2.2.Navigation Solution -- 17.2.3.Kalman Filter Estimates -- 17.3.Kalman Filter Measurement Innovations -- 17.3.1.Innovation Filtering -- 17.3.2.Innovation Sequence Monitoring -- 17.3.3.Remedying Biased State Estimates -- 17.4.Direct Consistency Checks -- 17.4.1.Measurement Consistency Checks and RAIM -- 17.4.2.Parallel Solutions -- 17.5.Infrastructure-Based Integrity Monitoring -- 17.6.Solution Protection and Performance Requirements -- 17.7.Testing -- 17.7.1.Field Trials -- 17.7.2.Recorded Data Testing -- 17.7.3.Laboratory Testing -- 17.7.4.Software Simulation -- References -- ch. 18 Applications and Future Trends -- 18.1.Design and Development -- 18.2.Aviation -- 18.3.Guided Weapons and Small UAVs -- 18.4.Land Vehicle Applications -- 18.5.Rail Navigation -- 18.6.Marine Navigation -- 18.7.Underwater Navigation -- 18.8.Spacecraft Navigation -- 18.9.Pedestrian Navigation -- 18.10.Other Applications -- 18.11.Future Trends -- References.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Principles of GNSS, inertial, and multisensor integrated navigation systems / by Groves, Paul D. (Paul David)

Table of Contents: “…Note continued: 12.3.Short-Range Communications Systems -- 12.3.1.Wireless Local Area Networks (Wi-Fi) -- 12.3.2.Wireless Personal Area Networks -- 12.3.3.Radio Frequency Identification -- 12.3.4.Bluetooth Low Energy -- 12.3.5.Dedicated Short-Range Communication -- 12.4.Underwater Acoustic Positioning -- 12.5.Other Positioning Technologies -- 12.5.1.Radio -- 12.5.2.Ultrasound -- 12.5.3.Infrared -- 12.5.4.Optical -- 12.5.5.Magnetic -- References -- ch. 13 Environmental Feature Matching -- 13.1.Map Matching -- 13.1.1.Digital Road Maps -- 13.1.2.Road Link Identification -- 13.1.3.Road Positioning -- 13.1.4.Rail Map Matching -- 13.1.5.Pedestrian Map Matching -- 13.2.Terrain-Referenced Navigation -- 13.2.1.Sequential Processing -- 13.2.2.Batch Processing -- 13.2.3.Performance -- 13.2.4.Laser TRN -- 13.2.5.Sonar TRN -- 13.2.6.Barometric TRN -- 13.2.7.Terrain Database Height Aiding -- 13.3.Image-Based Navigation -- 13.3.1.Imaging Sensors -- 13.3.2.Image Feature Comparison -- 13.3.3.Position Fixing Using Individual Features -- 13.3.4.Position Fixing by Whole-Image Matching -- 13.3.5.Visual Odometry -- 13.3.6.Feature Tracking -- 13.3.7.Stellar Navigation -- 13.4.Other Feature-Matching Techniques -- 13.4.1.Gravity Gradiometry -- 13.4.2.Magnetic Field Variation -- 13.4.3.Celestial X-Ray Sources -- References -- ch. 14 INS/GNSS Integration -- 14.1.Integration Architectures -- 14.1.1.Correction of the Inertial Navigation Solution -- 14.1.2.Loosely Coupled Integration -- 14.1.3.Tightly Coupled Integration -- 14.1.4.GNSS Aiding -- 14.1.5.Deeply Coupled Integration -- 14.2.System Model and State Selection -- 14.2.1.State Selection and Observability -- 14.2.2.INS State Propagation in an Inertial Frame -- 14.2.3.INS State Propagation in an Earth Frame -- 14.2.4.INS State Propagation Resolved in a Local Navigation Frame -- 14.2.5.Additional IMU Error States -- 14.2.6.INS System Noise -- 14.2.7.GNSS State Propagation and System Noise -- 14.2.8.State Initialization -- 14.3.Measurement Models -- 14.3.1.Loosely Coupled Integration -- 14.3.2.Tightly Coupled Integration -- 14.3.3.Deeply Coupled Integration -- 14.3.4.Estimation of Attitude and Instrument Errors -- 14.4.Advanced INS/GNSS Integration -- 14.4.1.Differential GNSS -- 14.4.2.Carrier-Phase Positioning -- 14.4.3.GNSS Attitude -- 14.4.4.Large Heading Errors -- 14.4.5.Advanced IMU Error Modeling -- 14.4.6.Smoothing -- References -- ch. 15 INS Alignment, Zero Updates, and Motion Constraints -- 15.1.Transfer Alignment -- 15.1.1.Conventional Measurement Matching -- 15.1.2.Rapid Transfer Alignment -- 15.1.3.Reference Navigation System -- 15.2.Quasi-Stationary Alignment -- 15.2.1.Coarse Alignment -- 15.2.2.Fine Alignment -- 15.3.Zero Updates -- 15.3.1.Stationary-Condition Detection -- 15.3.2.Zero Velocity Update -- 15.3.3.Zero Angular Rate Update -- 15.4.Motion Constraints -- 15.4.1.Land Vehicle Constraints -- 15.4.2.Pedestrian Constraints -- 15.4.3.Ship and Boat Constraint -- References -- ch. 16 Multisensor Integrated Navigation -- 16.1.Integration Architectures -- 16.1.1.Cascaded Single-Epoch Integration -- 16.1.2.Centralized Single-Epoch Integration -- 16.1.3.Cascaded Filtered Integration -- 16.1.4.Centralized Filtered Integration -- 16.1.5.Federated Filtered Integration -- 16.1.6.Hybrid Integration Architectures -- 16.1.7.Total-State Kalman Filter Employing Prediction -- 16.1.8.Error-State Kalman Filter -- 16.1.9.Primary and Reversionary Moding -- 16.1.10.Context-Adaptive Moding -- 16.2.Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- 16.2.1.Attitude -- 16.2.2.Height and Depth -- 16.2.3.Odometry -- 16.2.4.Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Using Step Detection -- 16.2.5.Doppler Radar and Sonar -- 16.2.6.Visual Odometry and Terrain-Referenced Dead Reckoning -- 16.3.Position-Fixing Measurements -- 16.3.1.Position Measurement Integration -- 16.3.2.Ranging Measurement Integration -- 16.3.3.Angular Measurement Integration -- 16.3.4.Line Fix Integration -- 16.3.5.Handling Ambiguous Measurements -- 16.3.6.Feature Tracking and Mapping -- 16.3.7.Aiding of Position-Fixing Systems -- References -- ch. 17 Fault Detection, Integrity Monitoring, and Testing -- 17.1.Failure Modes -- 17.1.1.Inertial Navigation -- 17.1.2.Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- 17.1.3.GNSS -- 17.1.4.Terrestrial Radio Navigation -- 17.1.5.Environmental Feature Matching and Tracking -- 17.1.6.Integration Algorithm -- 17.1.7.Context -- 17.2.Range Checks -- 17.2.1.Sensor Outputs -- 17.2.2.Navigation Solution -- 17.2.3.Kalman Filter Estimates -- 17.3.Kalman Filter Measurement Innovations -- 17.3.1.Innovation Filtering -- 17.3.2.Innovation Sequence Monitoring -- 17.3.3.Remedying Biased State Estimates -- 17.4.Direct Consistency Checks -- 17.4.1.Measurement Consistency Checks and RAIM -- 17.4.2.Parallel Solutions -- 17.5.Infrastructure-Based Integrity Monitoring -- 17.6.Solution Protection and Performance Requirements -- 17.7.Testing -- 17.7.1.Field Trials -- 17.7.2.Recorded Data Testing -- 17.7.3.Laboratory Testing -- 17.7.4.Software Simulation -- References -- ch. 18 Applications and Future Trends -- 18.1.Design and Development -- 18.2.Aviation -- 18.3.Guided Weapons and Small UAVs -- 18.4.Land Vehicle Applications -- 18.5.Rail Navigation -- 18.6.Marine Navigation -- 18.7.Underwater Navigation -- 18.8.Spacecraft Navigation -- 18.9.Pedestrian Navigation -- 18.10.Other Applications -- 18.11.Future Trends -- References.…”
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Biology : life on earth / by Audesirk, Teresa

Data structures & algorithms in Java / by Waite, Mitchell

Biology : life on earth / by Audesirk, Teresa

Data structures & algorithms in Java / by Waite, Mitchell

Chemistry and technology of emulsion polymerisation

Table of Contents: “…Schade 9.1 Introduction 213 9.2 Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution 214 9.2.1 Introduction 214 9.2.2 Average Particle Diameter 216 9.2.3 Particle Size Distribution 216 9.3 Sampling 216 9.4 Particle Size Measurement Methods 217 9.4.1 Ensemble Techniques 218 9.4.2 Particle Separation Methods 224 9.5 Comparison of Methods 233 9.5.1 Choice of a Method 235 9.6 Particle Shape, Structure and Surface Characterisation 236 9.6.1 Introduction to Particle Shape, Structure and Surface Characterisation 236 9.6.2 Classification of the Samples 238 9.6.3 General Considerations - Sample Preparation If the Latex is Film Forming 238 9.7 Discussion of the Available Techniques 239 9.7.1 Optical Microscopy (OM) 239 9.7.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 240 9.7.3 Electron Microscopy 243 9.7.4 Indirect Analysis of Particle Morphology 248 9.7.5 Surface Characterisation 249 9.7.6 Cleaning of Latexes 250 9.7.7 Analyses of Particle Charge 250 9.7.8 Additional Techniques Used for Latex Particle Surface Characterisation 250 9.7.9 Zeta Potential 251 10 Large Volume Applications of Latex Polymers 253 Dieter Urban, Bernhard Schuler, and J¨urgen Schmidt-Th¨ummes 10.1 Market and Manufacturing Process 253 10.1.1 History and Market Today 253 10.1.2 Manufacturing Process 254 10.2 Paper and Paperboard 254 10.2.1 The Paper Manufacturing Process 254 10.2.2 Surface Sizing 255 10.2.3 Paper Coating 256 10.3 Paints and Coatings 262 10.3.1 Technology Trends 263 10.3.2 Raw Materials for Water-Borne Coating Formulations 264 10.3.3 Decorative Coatings 269 10.3.4 Protective and Industrial Coatings 271 10.4 Adhesives 271 10.4.1 Design of Emulsion Polymer Adhesives 272 10.4.2 Formulation Additives 276 10.4.3 Adhesive Applications 277 10.4.4 Adhesive Test Methods 279 10.5 Carpet Backing 280 10.5.1 Carpet Backing Binders 281 10.5.2 Carpet Backing Compounds 281 10.5.3 Application Requirements 282 Acknowledgements 282 11 Specialty Applications of Latex Polymers 283 Christian Pichot, Thierry Delair, and Haruma Kawaguchi 11.1 Introduction 283 11.2 Specific Requirements for the Design of Specialty Latex Particles 284 11.2.1 Nature of the Polymer 284 11.2.2 Particle Size and Size Distribution 285 11.2.3 Particle Morphology 285 11.2.4 Nature of the Interface 286 11.2.5 Surface Potential 287 11.2.6 Colloidal Stability 287 11.2.7 Functionality 287 11.3 Preparation Methods of Latex Particles for Specialty Applications 288 11.3.1 Radical-Initiated Polymerisation in Heterogeneous Media 288 11.3.2 Modification of Particles and Related Methods 290 11.3.3 Formulation of Colloidal Dispersions from Pre-Formed Polymers 293 11.4 Applications 294 11.4.1 Non-Biomedical Applications 294 11.4.2 Biological, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications 299 11.5 Conclusions 304 References 307 Index 337.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Chemistry and technology of emulsion polymerisation

Table of Contents: “…Schade 9.1 Introduction 213 9.2 Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution 214 9.2.1 Introduction 214 9.2.2 Average Particle Diameter 216 9.2.3 Particle Size Distribution 216 9.3 Sampling 216 9.4 Particle Size Measurement Methods 217 9.4.1 Ensemble Techniques 218 9.4.2 Particle Separation Methods 224 9.5 Comparison of Methods 233 9.5.1 Choice of a Method 235 9.6 Particle Shape, Structure and Surface Characterisation 236 9.6.1 Introduction to Particle Shape, Structure and Surface Characterisation 236 9.6.2 Classification of the Samples 238 9.6.3 General Considerations - Sample Preparation If the Latex is Film Forming 238 9.7 Discussion of the Available Techniques 239 9.7.1 Optical Microscopy (OM) 239 9.7.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 240 9.7.3 Electron Microscopy 243 9.7.4 Indirect Analysis of Particle Morphology 248 9.7.5 Surface Characterisation 249 9.7.6 Cleaning of Latexes 250 9.7.7 Analyses of Particle Charge 250 9.7.8 Additional Techniques Used for Latex Particle Surface Characterisation 250 9.7.9 Zeta Potential 251 10 Large Volume Applications of Latex Polymers 253 Dieter Urban, Bernhard Schuler, and J¨urgen Schmidt-Th¨ummes 10.1 Market and Manufacturing Process 253 10.1.1 History and Market Today 253 10.1.2 Manufacturing Process 254 10.2 Paper and Paperboard 254 10.2.1 The Paper Manufacturing Process 254 10.2.2 Surface Sizing 255 10.2.3 Paper Coating 256 10.3 Paints and Coatings 262 10.3.1 Technology Trends 263 10.3.2 Raw Materials for Water-Borne Coating Formulations 264 10.3.3 Decorative Coatings 269 10.3.4 Protective and Industrial Coatings 271 10.4 Adhesives 271 10.4.1 Design of Emulsion Polymer Adhesives 272 10.4.2 Formulation Additives 276 10.4.3 Adhesive Applications 277 10.4.4 Adhesive Test Methods 279 10.5 Carpet Backing 280 10.5.1 Carpet Backing Binders 281 10.5.2 Carpet Backing Compounds 281 10.5.3 Application Requirements 282 Acknowledgements 282 11 Specialty Applications of Latex Polymers 283 Christian Pichot, Thierry Delair, and Haruma Kawaguchi 11.1 Introduction 283 11.2 Specific Requirements for the Design of Specialty Latex Particles 284 11.2.1 Nature of the Polymer 284 11.2.2 Particle Size and Size Distribution 285 11.2.3 Particle Morphology 285 11.2.4 Nature of the Interface 286 11.2.5 Surface Potential 287 11.2.6 Colloidal Stability 287 11.2.7 Functionality 287 11.3 Preparation Methods of Latex Particles for Specialty Applications 288 11.3.1 Radical-Initiated Polymerisation in Heterogeneous Media 288 11.3.2 Modification of Particles and Related Methods 290 11.3.3 Formulation of Colloidal Dispersions from Pre-Formed Polymers 293 11.4 Applications 294 11.4.1 Non-Biomedical Applications 294 11.4.2 Biological, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications 299 11.5 Conclusions 304 References 307 Index 337.…”
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PCs for dummies / by Gookin, Dan

Table of Contents: “…-- Mass Storage System: -- PC's Mass Storage System: -- Surveying the mass storage landscape -- Identifying the primary storage device -- Finding mass storage devices -- Inserting a media card or thumb drive -- Inserting an optical disc -- Ejecting media -- Adding more storage -- Mass Storage Alphabet: -- Handing out drive letters -- Exploring drive icons and names -- Checking drive capacity -- Using mass storage -- Accessing removable media -- Merry Monitor Mayhem: -- PC's Graphics System: -- Minding the monitor -- Discovering the display adapter -- Show Me What Ya Got: -- Measuring a monitor -- Connecting the monitor to the PC -- Reading monitor messages -- Working the monitor's controls -- Windows Controls What You See: -- Setting resolution -- Adding a second monitor -- Orienting the monitor -- Input This!…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

PCs for dummies / by Gookin, Dan

Table of Contents: “…-- Mass Storage System: -- PC's Mass Storage System: -- Surveying the mass storage landscape -- Identifying the primary storage device -- Finding mass storage devices -- Inserting a media card or thumb drive -- Inserting an optical disc -- Ejecting media -- Adding more storage -- Mass Storage Alphabet: -- Handing out drive letters -- Exploring drive icons and names -- Checking drive capacity -- Using mass storage -- Accessing removable media -- Merry Monitor Mayhem: -- PC's Graphics System: -- Minding the monitor -- Discovering the display adapter -- Show Me What Ya Got: -- Measuring a monitor -- Connecting the monitor to the PC -- Reading monitor messages -- Working the monitor's controls -- Windows Controls What You See: -- Setting resolution -- Adding a second monitor -- Orienting the monitor -- Input This!…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

C++ program design : an introduction to programming and object-oriented design / by Cohoon, James P.

Biological psychology / by Kalat, James W.

Object oriented programming in Java / by Gilbert, Stephen, 1950-

E-business & e-commerce : how to program / by Deitel, Harvey M., 1945-

C++ program design : an introduction to programming and object-oriented design / by Cohoon, James P.

Biological psychology / by Kalat, James W.

Object oriented programming in Java / by Gilbert, Stephen, 1950-

E-business & e-commerce : how to program / by Deitel, Harvey M., 1945-