Search Results - "helium"

Helium characteristics, compounds, and applications /

Subjects: “…Helium.…”
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Helium characteristics, compounds, and applications /

Subjects: “…Helium.…”
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Career helium how to float past others in your quest to reach the top / by Thompson, David, 1969-

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Career helium how to float past others in your quest to reach the top / by Thompson, David, 1969-

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Selling the nation's helium reserve

Subjects: “…Helium United States Marketing.…”
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Selling the nation's helium reserve

Subjects: “…Helium United States Marketing.…”
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The impact of selling the federal helium reserve

Subjects: “…Helium Economic aspects United States.…”
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The impact of selling the federal helium reserve

Subjects: “…Helium Economic aspects United States.…”
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The universe in a helium droplet by Volovik, G. E.

Subjects: “…Liquid helium.…”
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The universe in a helium droplet by Volovik, G. E.

Subjects: “…Liquid helium.…”
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Computational quantum chemistry an interactive guide to basis set theory / by Quinn, Charles M.

Table of Contents: “…Machine generated contents note: 1 Essential atomic orbital theory -- 11 Atomic orbitals for the hydrogen atom -- 12 Radial distribution functions for the hydrogen atom -- 13 Radial wave functions for many-electron atoms -- 14 Slater-type orbitals -- 15 Gaussian-type functions-the Isto-3g) minimal basis set -- 16 isto-ng) basis sets -- 17 Scaling factors -- 18 The (4s/2s) basis set, polarization and scaling factors for molecular -- environments -- 19 Gaussian-lobe and other Gaussian basis sets -- 2 Numerical integration -- 21 Numerical integration -- 22 Application of Simpson's rule to calculate a normalization integral -- 23 Calculations of normalization constants over the angular coordinates -- 24 Numerical integration in a cylindrical volume: diatomic and linear -- molecular geometries -- 25 Calculation of the overlap integral between Is orbitals in a Gaussian -- basis -- 26 Designing Gaussian basis sets to model Slater orbitals -- 3 Orthonormality -- 31 Orthonormality in Slater orbital and basis set theory -- 32 Orthonormality and Slater orbitals -- 33 Orthonormality and Gaussian orbitals -- 34 Orthonormality and double-zeta Slater orbitals -- 35 Orthonormality and split-basis or double-zeta Gaussian basis sets -- 36 The Jacobi transformation, diagonalization of a symmetric matrix and -- canonical orthogonalization -- 37 The S-1/2 'trick' -- 38 Symmetric orthonormalization -- 4 The hydrogen atom -numerical solutions -- 41 Eigenvalue calculations for hydrogen based on analytical functions -- 42 Calculations using Slater orbitals -- 43 Calculations with Gaussian functions -- 44 Calculations with split-basis [split-valence] sets -- 45 Review of results for the ls and 2s orbital energies in hydrogen -- 5 The helium atom and the self-consistent field -- 51 Hartree's analysis of the helium atom problem -- 52 Calculations with modified hydrogen atom wave functions -- 53 The Hall-Roothaan equations, the orbital approximation and -- the modem Hartree-Fock self-consistent field method -- 54 Calculations using Slater DZ functions -- 55 Gaussian basis set calculations for the helium atom-two-electron -- integrals over Gaussian basis functions -- 56 A HFS-SCF calculation with split-basis 14-31) for helium -- 57 Helium, singlet and triplet excited states, electron spin and the role -- of the Exchange integral -- 6 One- and two-electron diatoms -- 61 Calculations using hydrogen Is orbitals -- 62 Sto-3g calculations for H2+ -- 63 Calculations using Gaussian basis sets with the exact evaluation of -- integrals using Fourier transforms -- 64 Calculations involving the two-electron terms; the Isto-3g) -- HF-SCF results for dihydrogen -- 65 The standard form for the results of HFS-SCF calculations -- 66 The Isto-3g) HFS-SCF calculation for HeH+ -- 67 Polarization functions, Gaussian lobes and higher-order Gaussian -- basis sets -- 68 Epilogue.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Computational quantum chemistry an interactive guide to basis set theory / by Quinn, Charles M.

Table of Contents: “…Machine generated contents note: 1 Essential atomic orbital theory -- 11 Atomic orbitals for the hydrogen atom -- 12 Radial distribution functions for the hydrogen atom -- 13 Radial wave functions for many-electron atoms -- 14 Slater-type orbitals -- 15 Gaussian-type functions-the Isto-3g) minimal basis set -- 16 isto-ng) basis sets -- 17 Scaling factors -- 18 The (4s/2s) basis set, polarization and scaling factors for molecular -- environments -- 19 Gaussian-lobe and other Gaussian basis sets -- 2 Numerical integration -- 21 Numerical integration -- 22 Application of Simpson's rule to calculate a normalization integral -- 23 Calculations of normalization constants over the angular coordinates -- 24 Numerical integration in a cylindrical volume: diatomic and linear -- molecular geometries -- 25 Calculation of the overlap integral between Is orbitals in a Gaussian -- basis -- 26 Designing Gaussian basis sets to model Slater orbitals -- 3 Orthonormality -- 31 Orthonormality in Slater orbital and basis set theory -- 32 Orthonormality and Slater orbitals -- 33 Orthonormality and Gaussian orbitals -- 34 Orthonormality and double-zeta Slater orbitals -- 35 Orthonormality and split-basis or double-zeta Gaussian basis sets -- 36 The Jacobi transformation, diagonalization of a symmetric matrix and -- canonical orthogonalization -- 37 The S-1/2 'trick' -- 38 Symmetric orthonormalization -- 4 The hydrogen atom -numerical solutions -- 41 Eigenvalue calculations for hydrogen based on analytical functions -- 42 Calculations using Slater orbitals -- 43 Calculations with Gaussian functions -- 44 Calculations with split-basis [split-valence] sets -- 45 Review of results for the ls and 2s orbital energies in hydrogen -- 5 The helium atom and the self-consistent field -- 51 Hartree's analysis of the helium atom problem -- 52 Calculations with modified hydrogen atom wave functions -- 53 The Hall-Roothaan equations, the orbital approximation and -- the modem Hartree-Fock self-consistent field method -- 54 Calculations using Slater DZ functions -- 55 Gaussian basis set calculations for the helium atom-two-electron -- integrals over Gaussian basis functions -- 56 A HFS-SCF calculation with split-basis 14-31) for helium -- 57 Helium, singlet and triplet excited states, electron spin and the role -- of the Exchange integral -- 6 One- and two-electron diatoms -- 61 Calculations using hydrogen Is orbitals -- 62 Sto-3g calculations for H2+ -- 63 Calculations using Gaussian basis sets with the exact evaluation of -- integrals using Fourier transforms -- 64 Calculations involving the two-electron terms; the Isto-3g) -- HF-SCF results for dihydrogen -- 65 The standard form for the results of HFS-SCF calculations -- 66 The Isto-3g) HFS-SCF calculation for HeH+ -- 67 Polarization functions, Gaussian lobes and higher-order Gaussian -- basis sets -- 68 Epilogue.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Hermeticity testing of MEMS and microelectronic packages / by Costello, Suzanne, Desmulliez, Marc P. Y., 1963-

Table of Contents: “…Machine generated contents note: References -- pt. 1 Introduction to Hermetic Packages and Leak Types -- 1.The Evolution of Packages, Their Sealing Methods, and Modes of Fabrication -- 1.1.Introduction -- 1.2.The Evolution of Microelectronics and MEMS Packages -- 1.3.MEMS Sealing Techniques and Mode Package Fabrication -- 1.3.1.Materials -- 1.3.2.Sealing Techniques -- 1.4.Summary of MEMS Packaging Materials and Techniques -- References -- 2.Assembly, Packaging, and Environmentally Induced Failures in MEMS -- 2.1.Introduction -- 2.2.Particle Contamination -- 2.3.Thermomechanical Constraints -- 2.3.1.Thermomechanical Constraints in Die Attach -- 2.3.2.Thermomechanical Constraints in Package-Level Encapsulation -- 2.3.3.Thermomechanical Constraints in Wafer-Level Encapsulation -- 2.3.4.Thermomechanical Constraints in Flip-Chip Bonding -- 2.4.Moisture and Gas Absorption -- 2.4.1.Moisture Absorption -- 2.4.2.Barrier Coatings: A Protection Against Moisture Absorption -- 2.4.3.Outgassing -- 2.5.Conclusions: Reliability Demonstration and Accelerated Testing -- References -- 3.Packaging Requirements for Hermeticity -- 3.1.The Need for Hermeticity in MEMS and Microelectronics Packaging -- 3.2.Balancing Maximum Permissive Leak Rate and Packaging Costs: The Quasi-Hermetic Package -- References -- 4.The Different Types of Leaks in MEMS and Microelectronics Packaging -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.Leak Channels or Capillary Leaks -- 4.3.Permeation -- 4.4.Outgassing -- 4.5.Conclusion -- References -- pt. 2 Traditional Hermeticity Test Techniques and Standards -- 5.Ex Situ Hermeticity Test Methods -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.2.Fine Leak Tests -- 5.2.1.Helium Fine Leak Test -- 5.2.2.Radioisotope Leak Detection Method -- 5.3.Gross Leak Tests -- 5.3.1.Fluorocarbon Liquid and Vapor Gross Leak Detection -- 5.3.2.Gross Bubble Test -- 5.3.3.Weight Gain -- 5.3.4.Dye Penetrant Gross Leak Test -- 5.4.Combinational Tests -- 5.4.1.Optical Fine/Gross Leak Detection Method -- 5.4.2.Cumulative Helium Leak Detection (CHLD) Method -- References -- 6.The History of Hermeticity Standards MIL-STD-883 T.M. 1014 and MIL-STD-750 T.M. 1071 -- 6.1.Introduction: The First Hermeticity Tests -- 6.2.The Introduction of the Military Standards -- 6.3.The First Problems with Traditional Hermeticity Tests and Standards -- 6.4.Military Standard Revisions -- 6.5.Summary -- References -- pt. 3 Limitations of Existing Hermeticity Test Methods in Low Volume Packages -- 7.Permeation -- 7.1.Introduction -- 7.2.Mathematics of Permeation -- 7.3.Limitations of the Packaging Material -- 7.4.Conclusions -- References -- 8.Outgassing and Residual Gas Analysis (RGA) -- 8.1.Outgassing -- 8.2.Residual Gas Analysis -- References -- 9.Low-Cavity Volume Capillary Leak Limitations -- 9.1.Limitations of the Helium Fine Leak Test Method -- 9.1.1.Volume Limitations -- 9.1.2.Minimum Detectable Leak Rate -- References -- pt. 4 Novel Methods of Leak Detection -- 10.Q-Factor Monitoring of Resonant Microstructures as a Hermeticity Measurement Method -- 10.1.Introduction -- 10.2.Lumped Element Modeling of a Microresonator -- 10.3.Definitions and Measurement Methods of the Quality Factor Q -- 10.3.1.Definition in Terms of Stored Energy -- 10.3.2.Definition in Terms of Bandwidth -- 10.3.3.Determination of the Q-Factor by Amplitude-Frequency Measurement -- 10.3.4.Determination of the Q-Factor by Phase Measurement -- 10.4.Relation Between Pressure and Q-Factor -- References -- 11.In Situ Test Methods in Development -- 11.1.Introduction -- 11.2.Copper Test Structures -- 11.3.Micro-Pirani Gauge -- References -- 12.Ex Situ Hermeticity Test Methods in Development -- 12.1.Introduction -- 12.2.FTIR Spectroscopy -- 12.2.1.Application to Hermeticity -- 12.2.2.Theoretical Limitations -- 12.2.3.Practical Considerations -- 12.2.4.Summary -- 12.3.Raman Spectroscopy -- 12.3.1.Application to the Hermeticity Test -- 12.3.2.Theoretical Limitations -- 12.3.3.Practical Considerations -- 12.3.4.Summary -- References -- pt. 5 Conclusions and Vision -- 13.Summary of Hermeticity Test Methods -- 14.The Way Forward -- 14.1.Introduction -- 14.2.Improvement on Existing Techniques -- 14.3.New Hermetic Materials and Hermeticity Test Methods -- 14.4.Conclusions -- References.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view

Hermeticity testing of MEMS and microelectronic packages / by Costello, Suzanne, Desmulliez, Marc P. Y., 1963-

Table of Contents: “…Machine generated contents note: References -- pt. 1 Introduction to Hermetic Packages and Leak Types -- 1.The Evolution of Packages, Their Sealing Methods, and Modes of Fabrication -- 1.1.Introduction -- 1.2.The Evolution of Microelectronics and MEMS Packages -- 1.3.MEMS Sealing Techniques and Mode Package Fabrication -- 1.3.1.Materials -- 1.3.2.Sealing Techniques -- 1.4.Summary of MEMS Packaging Materials and Techniques -- References -- 2.Assembly, Packaging, and Environmentally Induced Failures in MEMS -- 2.1.Introduction -- 2.2.Particle Contamination -- 2.3.Thermomechanical Constraints -- 2.3.1.Thermomechanical Constraints in Die Attach -- 2.3.2.Thermomechanical Constraints in Package-Level Encapsulation -- 2.3.3.Thermomechanical Constraints in Wafer-Level Encapsulation -- 2.3.4.Thermomechanical Constraints in Flip-Chip Bonding -- 2.4.Moisture and Gas Absorption -- 2.4.1.Moisture Absorption -- 2.4.2.Barrier Coatings: A Protection Against Moisture Absorption -- 2.4.3.Outgassing -- 2.5.Conclusions: Reliability Demonstration and Accelerated Testing -- References -- 3.Packaging Requirements for Hermeticity -- 3.1.The Need for Hermeticity in MEMS and Microelectronics Packaging -- 3.2.Balancing Maximum Permissive Leak Rate and Packaging Costs: The Quasi-Hermetic Package -- References -- 4.The Different Types of Leaks in MEMS and Microelectronics Packaging -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.Leak Channels or Capillary Leaks -- 4.3.Permeation -- 4.4.Outgassing -- 4.5.Conclusion -- References -- pt. 2 Traditional Hermeticity Test Techniques and Standards -- 5.Ex Situ Hermeticity Test Methods -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.2.Fine Leak Tests -- 5.2.1.Helium Fine Leak Test -- 5.2.2.Radioisotope Leak Detection Method -- 5.3.Gross Leak Tests -- 5.3.1.Fluorocarbon Liquid and Vapor Gross Leak Detection -- 5.3.2.Gross Bubble Test -- 5.3.3.Weight Gain -- 5.3.4.Dye Penetrant Gross Leak Test -- 5.4.Combinational Tests -- 5.4.1.Optical Fine/Gross Leak Detection Method -- 5.4.2.Cumulative Helium Leak Detection (CHLD) Method -- References -- 6.The History of Hermeticity Standards MIL-STD-883 T.M. 1014 and MIL-STD-750 T.M. 1071 -- 6.1.Introduction: The First Hermeticity Tests -- 6.2.The Introduction of the Military Standards -- 6.3.The First Problems with Traditional Hermeticity Tests and Standards -- 6.4.Military Standard Revisions -- 6.5.Summary -- References -- pt. 3 Limitations of Existing Hermeticity Test Methods in Low Volume Packages -- 7.Permeation -- 7.1.Introduction -- 7.2.Mathematics of Permeation -- 7.3.Limitations of the Packaging Material -- 7.4.Conclusions -- References -- 8.Outgassing and Residual Gas Analysis (RGA) -- 8.1.Outgassing -- 8.2.Residual Gas Analysis -- References -- 9.Low-Cavity Volume Capillary Leak Limitations -- 9.1.Limitations of the Helium Fine Leak Test Method -- 9.1.1.Volume Limitations -- 9.1.2.Minimum Detectable Leak Rate -- References -- pt. 4 Novel Methods of Leak Detection -- 10.Q-Factor Monitoring of Resonant Microstructures as a Hermeticity Measurement Method -- 10.1.Introduction -- 10.2.Lumped Element Modeling of a Microresonator -- 10.3.Definitions and Measurement Methods of the Quality Factor Q -- 10.3.1.Definition in Terms of Stored Energy -- 10.3.2.Definition in Terms of Bandwidth -- 10.3.3.Determination of the Q-Factor by Amplitude-Frequency Measurement -- 10.3.4.Determination of the Q-Factor by Phase Measurement -- 10.4.Relation Between Pressure and Q-Factor -- References -- 11.In Situ Test Methods in Development -- 11.1.Introduction -- 11.2.Copper Test Structures -- 11.3.Micro-Pirani Gauge -- References -- 12.Ex Situ Hermeticity Test Methods in Development -- 12.1.Introduction -- 12.2.FTIR Spectroscopy -- 12.2.1.Application to Hermeticity -- 12.2.2.Theoretical Limitations -- 12.2.3.Practical Considerations -- 12.2.4.Summary -- 12.3.Raman Spectroscopy -- 12.3.1.Application to the Hermeticity Test -- 12.3.2.Theoretical Limitations -- 12.3.3.Practical Considerations -- 12.3.4.Summary -- References -- pt. 5 Conclusions and Vision -- 13.Summary of Hermeticity Test Methods -- 14.The Way Forward -- 14.1.Introduction -- 14.2.Improvement on Existing Techniques -- 14.3.New Hermetic Materials and Hermeticity Test Methods -- 14.4.Conclusions -- References.…”
An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view