Search Results - "histone"

Epigenetic control by histone methylation

Table of Contents: “…Contents: The diversity of covalent histone tail modifications for imparting epigenetic information -- Observations of robust histone modifications at silent chromatin regions -- The representation of repressive histone marks as indications of epigenetic plasticity in different cells -- Analysis of the profiles of normal and aberrant histone lysine methylation patterns, as they occur during the transition of an embryonic to a differentiated cell or in controlled self-renewal vs. pro-neoplastic or metastatic conditions -- Elucidation of these histone modification patterns for novel advances in stem cell research, nuclear reprogramming and cancer.…”
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Histone dynamics, heritability and variants

Table of Contents: “…Contents: DNA is organized into chromatin which promotes compaction and brings about additional information -- The histone code hypothesis -- Chromatin dynamics and heritability -- Factors involved in chromatin dynamics -- Nucleosomes disruption and assembly following DNA replication fork passage -- General steps in chromatin assembly -- Histone chaperones and their possible roles (CAF-1, HIRA, ...) -- Histone H3 variants and chromatin assembly coupled or not with DNA synthesis -- Specific histone deposition pathways for each variant? …”
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Series (Epigenetics : concepts, theories, paradigms and mechanisms)
Series (Eukaryotic gene regulation)
Series (Epigenetics, chromatin, transcription and cancer)

Histone modifications and prospects for an epigenetic code

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Enzyme-catalyzed modification of the N-terminal tail domains of core histones provides an array of marks across the nucleosome surface and a source of epigenetic information -- This information influences protein-protein interactions during short-term regulation of ongoing transcription and is a means of maintaining or modifying patterns of gene expression from one cell generation to the next -- Cellular memory -- Histone modifications may constitute a heritable epigenetic code that acts in concert with the genetic code as a long-term regulator of gene expression.…”
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Epigenetics as a paradigm for cancer treatment chemically targeting the histone lysine methyltransferase EZH2 /

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Cancer as an unmet medical need -- Epigenetics as a paradigm for treating cancer -- Histone lysine methyltransferase EZH2 as a target class example -- Development of EZH2 inhibitors.…”
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Introduction to epigenetics

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Definition of epigenetics -- Three mechanisms; DNA methylation, histone modification, ncRNA -- Hypo and hyper DNA methylation and association with transcriptional state -- Mechanism of DNA methylation and enzymes responsible -- Examples of importance of DNA methytransferase enzymes -- Main types of histone modifications, concentrating on acetylation and methylation -- Mechanisms and enzymes for histone modifications -- Example of gene regulation by acetylation/deacetylation in Arabidopsis -- Non-coding RNA, using X-inactivation as an example -- The histone code.…”
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Polycomb epigenetic mechanisms Part 2 of 2, methylation of DNA /

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Cancer-specific epigenetic alterations as investigated from a pharmaceutical perspective

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DNA methylation

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Roles of DNA methylation -- Evolution of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases -- Mechanism of action of DNA methyltransferases -- Specific loci targeting -- Histone modification -- Small interfering RNA.…”
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Series (Eukaryotic gene regulation)
Series (Epigenetics, chromatin, transcription and cancer)

Role of polycomb proteins in gene transcription, stem cell and human diseases

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Chromatin structure -- Histone modification and regulation of methylation -- Polycomb complexes (gene silencing, recruitement & displacement of proteins, protein levels in embryoid bodies, binding regulation) -- PcG genes and human cancers -- Variations of Polycomb Repressive Complexes and their associations with polycomb proteins -- CBX family of proteins -- The Polycomb-like gene family.…”
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Gene silencing in budding yeast

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RNAi and heterochromatin in plants and fission yeast

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Heterochromatin is composed of transposable elements (TEs) and related repeats -- heterochromatic gene silencing and TE-mediated silencing are related and may be important in large genomes -- tiling microarrays can be used to examine heterochromatic transcripts as well as DNA and histone modification -- small interfering RNA (siRNA) corresponds to transposons and repeats -- in plants TE siRNA depend on DNA methyltransferase MET1 and the SWI/SNF ATPase DDM1 which silence TEs via DNA and histone H3 lysine-9 (H3K9) methylation -- in fission yeast and plants centromeric repeats are transcribed on one strand but rapidly turned over by RNA interference (RNAi) -- RNAi of centromeric transcripts is required for transcriptional silencing of reporter genes -- RNA polymerase II, the Argonaute (RITS) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RDRC) complexes are associated with heterochromatin and required for silencing -- H3K9me2 depends on RNAi and on the Rik1-Clr4 complex -- Clr4 is the histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase -- Rik1 resembles both DNA and RNA binding proteins and is required for RNAi along with Clr4 -- LTR retrotransposon silencing depends on histone deacetylation and silences pericentromeric repeats in Arabidopsis in addition to RNAi.…”
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Series (Epigenetics)
Series (RNA interference)

Skin epigenetics how chromatin regulators orchestrate skin functions /

Table of Contents: “…-- Genes encoding keratinocyte-specific proteins -- Molecular signature of epidermal layers -- Levels of epigenetic regulation -- DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation -- DNA methylation influence on the epidermis -- Post-translational histone/covalent modifications -- Histone acetylation/de-acetylation -- Polycomb-repressive complex -- Polycomb and Trithorax play antagonistic roles -- ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling -- Non-coding RNA-dependent mechanisms -- Nucleus: storage, replication of genetic material -- Topological gene interactomes -- Morphogenesis of the epidermis -- Epidermal differentiation complex -- EDC and Lor relocation to nuclear interior -- p63 and Brg1 ablation results in retention of EDC -- Genome organizer AT-rich binding Satb1 protein -- Transcription factor and epigenetic mechanisms -- Future directions of epigenetic research.…”
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Heterochromatin, epigenetics and gene expression

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Heterochromatin as a cytological phenomenon -- Heterochromatin and gene silencing -- Heterochromatin and DNA accessibility -- Histone modification and control of heterochromatin assembly -- Stability of epigenetic silencing by heterochromatin during development -- Heterochromatin and telomere stability.…”
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Series (Epigenetics, chromatin, transcription and cancer)
Series (Molecular genetics of human disease)

Genomic imprinting and its regulation

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Introduction to imprinting -- classic embryological and genetic studies -- identification and function of imprinted genes -- imprinted domains and the organisation of imprinted clusters -- epigenetic modifications and genome programming -- cis-acting control at imprinted domains -- DNA methylation and non-coding RNA -- histone modifications -- clinical implications.…”
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Epigenetics a historical overview / by Holliday, Robin, 1932-

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Introduction to epigenetics -- the leading pioneers in the field of epigenetics -- the basic features of development -- switching and heritability of gene activities -- DNA methylation -- epimutations -- differences between genetics and epigenetics -- genomic imprinting -- chromatin structure -- histone modifications -- the role of RNA in the epigenetic regulation of gene activity -- the bisulfite sequencing technique -- the epigenotype.…”
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Epigenetic regulation of innate immunity

Table of Contents: “…Contents: The innate immune cells -- Pathogen sensing receptor system -- Histone modifications and inflammation control -- Critical role of Jmjd3, a trimethyl H3K27 specific demethylase, in M2 macrophage differentiation -- Identification of IRF4 as a Jmjd3 target gene inducing M2 macrophages.…”
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DNA methylation and genome defense in Neurospora crassa

Table of Contents: “…Contents: Control of DNA methylation -- repeat-induced point (RIP) mutation -- relationship of chromatin modifications and DNA methylation -- mutants that eliminate DNA methylation -- roles of histone H3 methyltransferase (DIM-5) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) in DNA methylation -- indications of involvement of protein acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation in mechanism of DNA methylation -- propagation of DNA methylation and the associated silenced chromatin state.…”
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A historical perspective on ideas on X-chromosome inactivation

Table of Contents: “…Contents: The phenomenon of X-chromosome inactivation in female mammals -- X-chromosome inactivation as a dosage compensation mechanism for equalising the dosage of X-linked gene products in XY males and XX females in somatic cells -- inactivity of either the maternal or paternal X-chromosome in different cells in eutherian mammals -- preferential inactivation of paternal X in the placenta of mice and in all cells of marsupials -- initiation of the process from an X-inactivation centre -- discovery of the key gene, Xist -- the concept of initiation and maintenance of X-inactivation as separate processes -- histone modifications and methylation of CpG islands as maintenance mechanisms -- inactivation in autosomal and X-chromosomal DNA -- LINE1s as booster elements on the X-chromosome.…”
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