The Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy On Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nairobi County, Kenya
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2023
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| author | Chang’orok, Susan Yugi, Philemon Waiyaki, Winnie Munene, Alice |
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| spelling | ir-123456789-41422024-02-21T16:21:09Z The Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy On Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nairobi County, Kenya Chang’orok, Susan Yugi, Philemon Waiyaki, Winnie Munene, Alice Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory, Efficacy, Prevalence, Comorbidity, Risk factors Journal Article The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis and effective intervention. academic performance this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9 provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for three months, while the control gro using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as constru data tables and graphs. Spearman’s correlation analysis, chi ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between baseline, midline and endline of the study and show the findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3% respectively. The comorbid conditio and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and religion. and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial personality disorde ADHD since it presents as a comorbid condition. Copyright © 2018, Susan Chang’orok et al. This is an open use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided INTRODUCTION This main purpose of this study was to evaluate cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. According to Vanden (2007), ODD is a childhood behavior disorder characterized by recurrent disobedient, negativistic, or hostile behavior toward authority figures than usually seen in children of similar age. It manifests as temper tantrums, active defiance of rules, dawdling, argumentativeness, stubbornness, or being easily annoyed. *Corresponding author: Susan Chang’orok, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya ISSN: 0975-833X DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr. Article History: Received 30th July, 2018 Received in revised form 17th August, 2018 Accepted 24th September, 2018 Published online 30th October, 2018 Citation: Susan Chang’orok, Philemon Yugi, Winnie Waiyaki, and Alice Munene Defiant Disorder among Children in Selected primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya Key Words: Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory, Efficacy, Prevalence, Comorbidity, Risk factors. RESEARCH ARTICLE THE EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY ON OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER AMONG CHILDREN IN SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA Susan Chang’orok, 2Philemon Yugi, 1Winnie Waiyaki, and 1Alice Munene Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Development Studies, Daystar University Nairobi, Kenya ABSTRACT The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis and effective intervention. This is because of the effect it has on the child’s social functioning and academic performance as well as the economic impact it has on their families. The main purpose for this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with itional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9 provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for three months, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as constru data tables and graphs. Spearman’s correlation analysis, chi-square analysis for association between ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between baseline, midline and endline of the study and show the difference in deference findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3% respectively. The comorbid condition associated with ODD was ADHD 78.3% and 47.8% teachers and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and religion. Cronbalch alpha of the CADBI tool showed reliability at (α =.918 to. 890) for both teachers and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial personality disorder depression and anxiety. 2023-06-27T07:57:31Z 2023-06-27T07:57:31Z 2018 Article Susan Chang’orok, Philemon Yugi, Winnie Waiyaki, and Alice Munene Defiant Disorder among Children in Selected primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya Key Words: Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory, Efficacy, Prevalence, Comorbidity, Risk factors. RESEARCH ARTICLE THE EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY ON OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER AMONG CHILDREN IN SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA Susan Chang’orok, 2Philemon Yugi, 1Winnie Waiyaki, and 1Alice Munene Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Development Studies, Daystar University Nairobi, Kenya ABSTRACT The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis and effective intervention. This is because of the effect it has on the child’s social functioning and academic performance as well as the economic impact it has on their families. The main purpose for this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with itional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9 provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for three months, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as constru data tables and graphs. Spearman’s correlation analysis, chi-square analysis for association between ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between baseline, midline and endline of the study and show the difference in deference findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3% respectively. The comorbid condition associated with ODD was ADHD 78.3% and 47.8% teachers and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and religion. Cronbalch alpha of the CADBI tool showed reliability at (α =.918 to. 890) for both teachers and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial personality disorder depression and anxiety. Medication should also be used in the treatment of ADHD since it presents as a comorbid condition. open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution provided the original work is properly cited. This main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary According to Vanden Bos d behavior disorder characterized by recurrent disobedient, negativistic, or hostile behavior toward authority figures than usually seen in children of similar age. It manifests as temper tantrums, active defiance of rules, bbornness, or being easily Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya In a study by Major (2013), children with ODD are the consistently causing trouble. Their often more than what would be considered normal for children of their age. For example, children with ODD would throw temper tantrums more often and with less provocation than children without ODD (Major, 2013). youths constitute a large percentage of the population. However, their mental health care has received scanty attention in the provision of mental health services; research and training (Khasakhala, 2012). Any child may display disruptive behavior to some degree at specific times or in certain settings as part of its normal development. However, when such behaviors exceed the range of normal variation for the child’s International Journal of Current Research Vol. 10, Issue, 10, pp.74026-74038, October, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.32474.10.2018 Philemon Yugi, Winnie Waiyaki, and Alice Munene, 2018. “The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Defiant Disorder among Children in Selected primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya”, International Journal of Current Research Available online at http://www.journalcra.com z THE EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY ON OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER COUNTY, KENYA Alice Munene Department of Psychology and Counseling, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Development Studies, Daystar University Nairobi, Kenya The rise in defiance cases among children in schools in Kenya calls for the need for proper diagnosis he effect it has on the child’s social functioning and as well as the economic impact it has on their families. The main purpose for this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among children with itional defiant disorder (ODD) in selected primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two primary schools were purposely selected in Nairobi, Kenya. 315 participants between 9-14 years provided assent and their parents provided the consent. The teachers and the parents completed the CADBI tool. Out of 249 participants who met the criteria for ODD, systematic sampling was applied to acquire the required sample size of 180.The experimental group received CBT intervention for up did not receive any intervention. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version, Descriptive statistics was done, Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23. Microsoft Excel was used in processing statistical output as well as construction of square analysis for association between ODD and ADHD with risk factors was done. T test was done to compare the responses between difference in deference (DID). The key findings of the study were that overall ODD prevalence was 79%, with males having a higher prevalence than female towards the adults and peers 78.2% and 88.5% female 74.6% and 85.3% n associated with ODD was ADHD 78.3% and 47.8% teachers and parents respectively. Risk factors associated with ODD were; low social-economic status, conflicts with parents, punishment, suspension from school, not going for counseling, friends and Cronbalch alpha of the CADBI tool showed reliability at (α =.918 to. 890) for both teachers and parents. DID showed significance difference between baseline and midline and between baseline and end line respectively (p < 0.001). Since CBT was effective in the reduction of ODD symptoms in children psychologist should use this intervention in primary school and also in the hospital setting so as to prevent the children from developing other serious problems in adulthood such as antisocial r depression and anxiety. Medication should also be used in the treatment of ribution License, which permits unrestricted In a study by Major (2013), children with ODD are the consistently causing trouble. Their opposition to authority is often more than what would be considered normal for children of their age. For example, children with ODD would throw temper tantrums more often and with less provocation than children without ODD (Major, 2013). In Kenya, children and youths constitute a large percentage of the population. However, their mental health care has received scanty attention in the provision of mental health services; research and Any child may display disruptive some degree at specific times or in certain settings as part of its normal development. However, when such behaviors exceed the range of normal variation for the child’s INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Oppositional International Journal of Current Research, 10, (10), 74026-74038 https://repository.daystar.ac.ke/handle/123456789/4142 en application/pdf nternational Journal of Current Research |
| spellingShingle | Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory, Efficacy, Prevalence, Comorbidity, Risk factors Chang’orok, Susan Yugi, Philemon Waiyaki, Winnie Munene, Alice The Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy On Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nairobi County, Kenya |
| title | The Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy On Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nairobi County, Kenya |
| title_full | The Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy On Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nairobi County, Kenya |
| title_fullStr | The Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy On Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nairobi County, Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy On Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nairobi County, Kenya |
| title_short | The Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy On Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nairobi County, Kenya |
| title_sort | efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy on oppositional defiant disorder among children in selected primary schools in nairobi county, kenya |
| topic | Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory, Efficacy, Prevalence, Comorbidity, Risk factors |
| url | https://repository.daystar.ac.ke/handle/123456789/4142 |
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