Oliver, R. (1981). Africa since 1800 (3rd ed.). Cambridge.
Lua i Stíl Chicago (17ú heag.)Oliver, Roland. Africa Since 1800. 3rd ed. New York: Cambridge, 1981.
Lua MLA (9ú heag.)Oliver, Roland. Africa Since 1800. 3rd ed. Cambridge, 1981.
Rabhadh: Seans nach mbeach na luanna seo go hiomlán cruinn i ngach uile chás.