Sidney Hook
Sidney Hook (December 20, 1902 – July 12, 1989) was an American philosopher of
pragmatism known for his contributions to the
philosophy of history, the
philosophy of education,
political theory, and
ethics. After embracing
communism in his youth, Hook was later known for his criticisms of
totalitarianism, both
fascism and
Marxism–Leninism. A
social democrat, Hook sometimes cooperated with
conservatives, particularly in opposing Marxism–Leninism. After
World War II, he argued that members of such groups as the
Communist Party USA and
Leninists like
democratic centralists could ethically be barred from holding the offices of public trust because they called for the violent overthrow of democratic governments.
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