Aristotle

Roman copy (in marble) of a [[Ancient Greek sculpture|Greek bronze]] bust of Aristotle by [[Lysippos]] ({{circa|330 BC}}), with modern alabaster mantle Aristotle ( ; ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.

Little is known about Aristotle's life. He was born in the city of Stagira in northern Greece during the Classical period. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At 17 or 18, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of 37 (). Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored his son Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC. He established a library in the Lyceum, which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on papyrus scrolls.

Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. His teachings and methods of inquiry have had a significant impact across the world, and remain a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion.

Aristotle's views profoundly shaped medieval scholarship. The influence of his physical science extended from late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, and was not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics were developed. He influenced Judeo-Islamic philosophies during the Middle Ages, as well as Christian theology, especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church.

Aristotle was revered among medieval Muslim scholars as "The First Teacher", and among medieval Christians like Thomas Aquinas as simply "The Philosopher", while the poet Dante called him "the master of those who know". His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, and were studied by medieval scholars such as Peter Abelard and Jean Buridan. Aristotle's influence on logic continued well into the 19th century. In addition, his ethics, although always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics. Provided by Wikipedia
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  1. 1

    Nicomachean ethics / by Aristotle

    Published 1999
    Book
  2. 2

    Metaphysics by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  3. 3

    Categories by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  4. 4

    Topics 305 BC / by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  5. 5

    Poetics 350 BC / by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  6. 6

    On dreams by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  7. 7

    On generation and corruption by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  8. 8

    On interpretation by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  9. 9

    On longevity and shortness of life by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  10. 10

    Politics by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  11. 11

    On memory and reminiscence by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    Other Authors:
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  12. 12

    On prophesying by dreams by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  13. 13

    On sense and the sensible by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  14. 14

    On sleep and sleeplessness by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  15. 15

    On sophistical refutations by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  16. 16

    On the gait of animals by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    Other Authors: “…Aristotle…”
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  17. 17

    History of animals by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  18. 18

    Rhetoric by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  19. 19

    Physics 350 BC / by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook
  20. 20

    Meteorology. by Aristotle

    Published 2001
    An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click to view
    Electronic eBook