World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In the 1970s, it focused on loans to developing world countries, shifting away from that mission in the 1980s. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its loan strategy is influenced by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, as well as environmental and social safeguards., the World Bank is run by a president and 25 executive directors, as well as 29 various vice presidents. IBRD and IDA have 189 and 174 member countries, respectively. The U.S., Japan, China, Germany and the U.K. have the most voting power. The bank aims loans at developing countries to help reduce poverty. The bank is engaged in several global partnerships and initiatives, and takes a role in working toward addressing climate change. The World Bank operates a number of training wings, and it works with the Clean Air Initiative and the UN Development Business. It works within the Open Data Initiative and hosts an Open Knowledge Repository.
The World Bank has been criticized as promoting inflation and harming economic development, causing protests in 1988 and 2000. There has also been criticism of the bank's governance and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The president David Malpass faced strong criticism as he challenged the scientific consensus on climate change. He was replaced by Ajay Banga, supporting climate action. Provided by Wikipedia
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101
Reducing the vulnerability of Uzbekistan's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options /
Published 2013“…World Bank…”
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102
Reducing the vulnerability of FYR Macedonia's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options /
Published 2013“…World Bank…”
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103
Reducing the vulnerability of Albania's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options /
Published 2013“…World Bank…”
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104
Financial management information systems and open budget data : do governments report on where the money goes? / by Dener, Cem
Published 2013“…World Bank…”
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105
Reducing the vulnerability of Moldova's agricultural systems to climate change : impact assessment and adaptation options /
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106
Inclusion matters : the foundation for shared prosperity.
Published 2013“…World Bank…”
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107
Africa development indicators 2012/2013.
Published 2013“…World Bank…”
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108
The changing wealth of nations : measuring sustainable development in the new millennium.
Published 2010“…World Bank…”
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109
World development indicators 2013.
Published 2013“…World Bank…”
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110
Pirate trails : tracking the illicit financial flows from pirate activities off the Horn of Africa.
Published 2013“…World Bank…”
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111
Global financial development report.
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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112
Efficient logistics : a key to Vietnam's competitiveness / by Blancas, Luis C.
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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113
Promoting healthy living in Latin America and the Caribbean : governance of multisectoral activities to prevent health risk factors /
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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114
Making foreign direct investment work for Sub-Saharan Africa : local spillovers and competitiveness in global value chains /
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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115
Emerging issues in financial development : lessons from Latin America /
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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116
From the bottom up : how small power producers and mini-grids can deliver electrification and renewable energy in Africa / by Tenenbaum, Bernard William
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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117
Back to work : growing with jobs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia /
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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118
Youth employment in Sub-Saharan Africa / by Filmer, Deon
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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119
International Debt Statistics 2014 /
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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120
Agricultural land redistribution and land administration in Sub-Saharan Africa : case studies of recent reforms /
Published 2014“…World Bank…”
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